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Anna Slawinska, Arkadiusz Plowiec, Maria Siwek, Marcin Jaroszewski, Marek Bednarczyk
Long-Term Transcriptomic Effects of Prebiotics and Synbiotics Delivered In Ovo in Broiler Chickens
www.plosone.org
www.plosone.org
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2.075 0 Td
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1.61 0 Td
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(detected)Tj
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(a)Tj
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[()12()]TJ
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[()12()3()]TJ
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-35.2287 -1.2982 Td
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(or)Tj
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(\(GOS\))Tj
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[()]TJ
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(.)Tj
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0.9751 0 Td
[()4( )6(\n)-4()7()-4()]TJ
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2.2053 0 Td
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(was)Tj
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(post)Tj
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([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(29)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
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(data)Tj
1.9105 0 Td
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1.4683 0 Td
[()12()]TJ
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(synbiotics)Tj
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(early)Tj
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2.5285 0 Td
[()12()]TJ
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[()12()3()]TJ
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1.5874 0 Td
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Q
q
1 j
1 J
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11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 570.7275 cm
BT
/F3 1 Tf
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(and)Tj
1.989 0 Td
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Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
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BT
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1 TL
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1.1678 0 Td
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2.2054 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(32-week-old)Tj
5.1817 0 Td
(flock)Tj
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(of)Tj
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(the)Tj
-35.2684 -1.2983 Td
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(breeders.)Tj
3.8495 0 Td
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1.7858 0 Td
(eggs)Tj
1.9332 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(incubated)Tj
4.1725 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(21)Tj
1.1736 0 Td
(days)Tj
1.9955 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(commercial)Tj
4.9549 0 Td
(settings,)Tj
3.4639 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3925 0 Td
(standard)Tj
-33.1878 -1.3039 Td
(conditions)Tj
4.473 0 Td
(\(37.8C)Tj
3.2712 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(relative)Tj
3.1408 0 Td
(humidity)Tj
3.9118 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(6163%\).)Tj
3.9628 0 Td
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1.7801 0 Td
(eggs)Tj
1.9333 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1259 0 Td
(candled)Tj
3.3506 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2755 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(12)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 550.4314 501.1653 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(th)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 558.7653 496.6866 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(day)Tj
-35.875 -1.2982 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(ED)Tj
1.525 0 Td
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1.0262 0 Td
(select)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(only)Tj
1.9786 0 Td
(viable)Tj
2.5511 0 Td
(embryos)Tj
3.668 0 Td
(for)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
1.3833 0 Td
[()12()]TJ
1.0148 0 Td
[()12()3()]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
1.5817 0 Td
(injections.)Tj
4.3484 0 Td
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1.5137 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(same)Tj
2.2563 0 Td
(day)Tj
1.6384 0 Td
(\(12)Tj
1.5081 0 Td
(days)Tj
2.0012 0 Td
(ED\),)Tj
2.0863 0 Td
(the)Tj
-34.9623 -1.2983 Td
(eggs)Tj
1.9332 0 Td
(underwent)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
4.5751 0 Td
[()12()]TJ
1.0148 0 Td
[()12()3()]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
1.5817 0 Td
(delivery)Tj
3.3902 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(bioactive)Tj
3.8041 0 Td
(compounds)Tj
4.9549 0 Td
(\(prebiotics,)Tj
4.7282 0 Td
(synbiotics,)Tj
4.4447 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0942 0 Td
(mock)Tj
2.4718 0 Td
(injec-)Tj
-35.0077 -1.3039 Td
(tion\).)Tj
2.4038 0 Td
(Incubation)Tj
4.6204 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(continued)Tj
4.2916 0 Td
(afterwards)Tj
4.4164 0 Td
(until)Tj
2.1089 0 Td
(hatching.)Tj
3.9345 0 Td
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2.9593 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(sexed,)Tj
2.6476 0 Td
(and)Tj
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(males)Tj
-32.9327 -1.2983 Td
(\(average)Tj
3.566 0 Td
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1.0148 0 Td
(42)Tj
1.1679 0 Td
(g\))Tj
1.0261 0 Td
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3.5943 0 Td
(pens)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(used)Tj
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(different)Tj
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(according)Tj
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1.0205 0 Td
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1.474 0 Td
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4.4617 0 Td
(rearing)Tj
3.1011 0 Td
(instructions.)Tj
5.227 0 Td
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1.3946 0 Td
(animals)Tj
-33.9021 -1.3039 Td
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(fed)Tj
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(with)Tj
1.9955 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(same)Tj
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(fodder)Tj
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(a)Tj
0.6577 0 Td
(three-phase)Tj
4.8755 0 Td
(feeding)Tj
3.1635 0 Td
(program:)Tj
3.9345 0 Td
(starter)Tj
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1.9955 0 Td
(1)Tj
0.6974 0 Td
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1.0204 0 Td
(14,)Tj
-34.9566 -1.2983 Td
(grower)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(days)Tj
2.0013 0 Td
(15)Tj
1.1678 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(30,)Tj
1.4003 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(finisher)Tj
3.2711 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(days)Tj
2.0013 0 Td
(31)Tj
1.1678 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(34.)Tj
1.3946 0 Td
(Feed)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(water)Tj
2.4321 0 Td
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2.1203 0 Td
(provided)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
3.8154 0 Td
[( )6()]TJ
-33.9985 -1.2983 Td
[()12()14()11()14()7()12()]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
(.)Tj
3.2938 0 Td
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1.7802 0 Td
(experiment)Tj
4.7792 0 Td
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1.7007 0 Td
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4.6318 0 Td
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1.2756 0 Td
(day)Tj
1.6384 0 Td
(35.)Tj
1.3947 0 Td
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3.2201 0 Td
(handling)Tj
3.7871 0 Td
(methodologies)Tj
6.1001 0 Td
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-33.6017 -1.3039 Td
(approved)Tj
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(by)Tj
1.1793 0 Td
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1.4683 0 Td
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2.3697 0 Td
(Ethical)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
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1.3833 0 Td
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3.2202 0 Td
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7.2056 0 Td
(UTP)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(University)Tj
4.405 0 Td
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1.0147 0 Td
(Sci-)Tj
-36.0734 -1.2983 Td
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2.0353 0 Td
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1.7348 0 Td
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(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(Bydgoszcz,)Tj
4.5864 0 Td
(Poland)Tj
3.0444 0 Td
(\(Permit)Tj
3.2995 0 Td
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1.4627 0 Td
(22/2012.,)Tj
3.8551 0 Td
(June)Tj
2.0466 0 Td
(21)Tj
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Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 489.8834 371.1685 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(st)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 497.0267 366.6897 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(2012\),)Tj
2.6872 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(in)Tj
-36.2435 -1.2982 Td
(accordance)Tj
4.7338 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0013 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(animal)Tj
2.9707 0 Td
(welfare)Tj
3.0898 0 Td
(recommendations)Tj
7.5004 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(European)Tj
4.1159 0 Td
(Union)Tj
2.8289 0 Td
(\(directive)Tj
4.0195 0 Td
(86/)Tj
-35.2117 -1.2983 Td
(609/EEC\).)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 308.0125 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(In)Tj
1.0441 0 Td
(ovo)Tj
/F0 1 Tf
1.8141 0 Td
(delivery)Tj
3.619 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0441 0 Td
(prebiotics)Tj
4.4409 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.8662 0 Td
(synbiotics)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 291.0047 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(Bioactive)Tj
3.8721 0 Td
(compounds)Tj
4.9606 0 Td
(\(prebiotics)Tj
4.5013 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0999 0 Td
(synbiotics\))Tj
4.5581 0 Td
(delivered)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
3.8834 0 Td
[()12()]TJ
1.0148 0 Td
[()12()3()]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
1.5817 0 Td
(were:)Tj
2.3471 0 Td
(1.76)Tj
1.8765 0 Td
(mg/egg)Tj
3.1861 0 Td
(inulin)Tj
2.6249 0 Td
(pre-)Tj
-35.5065 -1.2982 Td
(biotic)Tj
2.4888 0 Td
(extracted)Tj
3.8834 0 Td
(from)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
2.2053 0 Td
[()-6( )11()10()12()4( )]TJ
2.897 0 Td
[()7()14()4()2(\r)5()]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
2.6079 0 Td
(\()Tj
/F14 1 Tf
(P1)Tj
/F8 1 Tf
(\))Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(\(Sigma-Aldrich)Tj
6.4176 0 Td
(GmbH,)Tj
3.2598 0 Td
(Schnelldorf,)Tj
5.0286 0 Td
(Germany\),)Tj
4.5524 0 Td
(0.528)Tj
-35.3364 -1.3039 Td
(mg/egg)Tj
3.1861 0 Td
(GOS)Tj
2.16 0 Td
(prebiotic)Tj
3.7984 0 Td
(\(trade)Tj
2.6192 0 Td
(name:)Tj
2.6702 0 Td
(Bi)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 352.8 269.4614 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(2)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 356.3716 264.9826 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(tos\))Tj
1.7234 0 Td
(\()Tj
/F14 1 Tf
(P2)Tj
/F8 1 Tf
(\))Tj
2.0013 0 Td
(\(Clasado)Tj
3.7303 0 Td
(Biosciences)Tj
4.8075 0 Td
(Ltd.,)Tj
2.0353 0 Td
(Jersey,)Tj
2.8063 0 Td
(UK\),)Tj
2.1997 0 Td
(syn-)Tj
-34.9396 -1.2982 Td
(biotic)Tj
2.4888 0 Td
(composed)Tj
4.3087 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(1.76)Tj
1.8708 0 Td
(mg/egg)Tj
3.1862 0 Td
(inulin)Tj
2.6248 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7347 0 Td
(1000)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(CFU/egg)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
3.8324 0 Td
[()-3( )6(\n)-4()11()4(\n)7()4(\n)7(\n)1()-4()]TJ
4.8019 0 Td
[()4( )6(\n)-4()7()-4()]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
2.211 0 Td
(subsp.,)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
2.9423 0 Td
[()4( )6(\n)-4()7()-4()]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
-33.1367 -1.2983 Td
(IBB2955)Tj
3.6227 0 Td
(\(IBB,)Tj
2.2847 0 Td
(PAS,)Tj
2.1657 0 Td
(Warsaw,)Tj
3.6906 0 Td
(Poland\))Tj
3.3846 0 Td
(\()Tj
/F14 1 Tf
(S1)Tj
/F8 1 Tf
(\),)Tj
2.1202 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0942 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(synbiotic)Tj
3.8551 0 Td
(composed)Tj
4.303 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(0.528)Tj
2.347 0 Td
(mg/egg)Tj
3.1918 0 Td
(GOS)Tj
2.1543 0 Td
(and)Tj
-35.8863 -1.3039 Td
(1000)Tj
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