%PDF-1.6
%
1 0 obj
<>
endobj
2 0 obj
<>stream
Janaki Kannan Iyer, Alexia Dickey, Parvaneh Rouhani, Anil Kaul, Nirmal Govindaraju, Raj Narain Singh, Rashmi Kaul
Nanodiamonds facilitate killing of intracellular uropathogenic E. coli in an in vitro model of urinary tract infection pathogenesis
www.plosone.org
www.plosone.org
endstream
endobj
3 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 12 0 R/Annots 13 0 R/Contents 14 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
13 0 obj
[15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R 18 0 R 19 0 R 20 0 R 21 0 R 22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R]
endobj
15 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0191020.ref005)>>
endobj
16 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0191020.ref006)>>
endobj
17 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0191020.ref007)>>
endobj
18 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0191020.ref008)>>
endobj
19 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0191020.ref009)>>
endobj
20 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0191020.ref010)>>
endobj
21 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0191020.ref011)>>
endobj
22 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0191020.ref012)>>
endobj
23 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0191020.ref013)>>
endobj
24 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0191020.ref016)>>
endobj
25 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0191020.ref017)>>
endobj
26 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0191020.ref018)>>
endobj
27 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0191020.ref019)>>
endobj
28 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0191020.ref022)>>
endobj
29 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0191020.ref023)>>
endobj
30 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0191020.ref025)>>
endobj
31 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0191020.ref016)>>
endobj
32 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0191020.ref026)>>
endobj
33 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0191020.ref027)>>
endobj
34 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0191020.ref028)>>
endobj
35 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0191020.ref029)>>
endobj
36 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0191020.ref030)>>
endobj
37 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0191020.ref031)>>
endobj
38 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0191020.ref032)>>
endobj
39 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 40 0 R>>
endobj
40 0 obj
<>
endobj
14 0 obj
[41 0 R 42 0 R 43 0 R 44 0 R 45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R 51 0 R 52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R 62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R]
endobj
41 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
321.9024 680.315 m
326.6079 680.315 l
h
f*
261.2976 667.3323 m
266.0598 667.3323 l
h
f*
270.5386 667.3323 m
275.3008 667.3323 l
h
f*
241.3984 615.3449 m
246.1606 615.3449 l
h
f*
250.6394 615.3449 m
255.4016 615.3449 l
h
f*
298.0913 589.3228 m
307.6157 589.3228 l
h
f*
312.0378 589.3228 m
321.5622 589.3228 l
h
f*
304.2142 576.3402 m
313.7386 576.3402 l
h
f*
421.6252 524.2961 m
431.0929 524.2961 l
h
f*
436.3087 524.2961 m
445.7764 524.2961 l
h
f*
225.8079 498.3307 m
235.3323 498.3307 l
h
f*
239.7543 498.3307 m
249.2787 498.3307 l
h
f*
377.7449 459.326 m
387.2693 459.326 l
h
f*
392.4283 459.326 m
401.9528 459.326 l
h
f*
442.6016 433.3039 m
452.126 433.3039 l
h
f*
457.285 433.3039 m
466.8094 433.3039 l
h
f*
517.5496 407.3386 m
527.0173 407.3386 l
h
f*
531.4961 407.3386 m
541.0205 407.3386 l
h
f*
347.3575 303.3071 m
356.8819 303.3071 l
h
f*
478.2614 290.3244 m
487.7858 290.3244 l
h
f*
492.2079 290.3244 m
501.7323 290.3244 l
h
f*
514.8283 264.3024 m
524.3528 264.3024 l
h
f*
248.1449 225.2976 m
257.6693 225.2976 l
h
f*
357.3921 199.3323 m
366.9165 199.3323 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 707.4141 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(available)Tj
3.668 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0204 0 Td
(prevent)Tj
3.2598 0 Td
(UTIs)Tj
2.2677 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(antibiotics)Tj
4.3993 0 Td
(remain)Tj
3.0841 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(main)Tj
2.2904 0 Td
(line)Tj
1.7064 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(treatment.)Tj
4.3597 0 Td
(Despite)Tj
3.2485 0 Td
(anti-)Tj
-35.6936 -1.3039 Td
(biotic)Tj
2.4888 0 Td
(treatment,)Tj
4.3596 0 Td
(it)Tj
0.788 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8448 0 Td
(estimated)Tj
4.0762 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7744 0 Td
(anywhere)Tj
4.0876 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.211 0 Td
(2544%)Tj
3.3959 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(women)Tj
3.2031 0 Td
(will)Tj
1.6611 0 Td
(develop)Tj
3.3222 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(least)Tj
-34.1799 -1.2982 Td
(one)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(episode)Tj
3.2484 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(recurrent)Tj
3.9799 0 Td
(UTI)Tj
1.9105 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(5)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.5987 0 Td
(In)Tj
1.1112 0 Td
(more)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(than)Tj
2.0239 0 Td
(70%)Tj
1.9332 0 Td
(cases)Tj
2.2224 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(recurrent)Tj
3.9798 0 Td
(UTI,)Tj
2.1316 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(causative)Tj
-31.6741 -1.2983 Td
(agent)Tj
2.3867 0 Td
(is)Tj
/F15 1 Tf
0.8504 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
(.)Tj
/F15 1 Tf
0.9921 0 Td
[()7()10()12()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
1.5591 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(6)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.2642 0 Td
(7)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.2586 0 Td
(Some)Tj
2.4491 0 Td
(strains)Tj
2.8573 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(uropathogenic)Tj
/F15 1 Tf
6.0378 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
(.)Tj
/F15 1 Tf
0.9977 0 Td
[()7()10()12()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
1.5591 0 Td
(\(UPEC\))Tj
3.4242 0 Td
(cause)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(persistent)Tj
4.0876 0 Td
(infections)Tj
-33.1311 -1.2983 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(invading)Tj
3.736 0 Td
(bladder)Tj
3.2541 0 Td
(epithelium)Tj
4.5411 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0942 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(form)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(quiescent)Tj
4.0025 0 Td
(intracellular)Tj
5.057 0 Td
(reservoirs)Tj
4.1329 0 Td
(\(QIRs\))Tj
2.965 0 Td
(or)Tj
-35.1153 -1.3039 Td
(intracellular)Tj
5.0569 0 Td
(bacterial)Tj
3.6227 0 Td
(communities)Tj
5.4878 0 Td
(\(IBCs\).)Tj
3.0671 0 Td
(These)Tj
2.5682 0 Td
(QIRs)Tj
2.2903 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(IBCs)Tj
2.1599 0 Td
(evade)Tj
2.4889 0 Td
(immune)Tj
3.6226 0 Td
(system)Tj
2.9367 0 Td
(sur-)Tj
-35.0303 -1.2982 Td
(veillance)Tj
3.685 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.5761 0 Td
(targeted)Tj
3.4582 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1849 0 Td
(antibiotics,)Tj
4.6204 0 Td
(thereby)Tj
3.2258 0 Td
(resulting)Tj
3.7304 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(recurrent)Tj
3.9798 0 Td
(cystitis)Tj
2.948 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(pyelo-)Tj
-34.3556 -1.2983 Td
(nephritis)Tj
3.7984 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(8)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.2642 0 Td
(9)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.2586 0 Td
(Also,)Tj
2.245 0 Td
(many)Tj
2.4775 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(these)Tj
2.2563 0 Td
(intracellular)Tj
5.057 0 Td
(UPECs)Tj
3.1067 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(become)Tj
3.3278 0 Td
(resistant)Tj
3.583 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(commonly)Tj
-32.4734 -1.3039 Td
(prescribed)Tj
4.4106 0 Td
(antibiotics)Tj
4.3994 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(make)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(treatment)Tj
4.1385 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(UTI)Tj
1.9049 0 Td
(difficult,)Tj
3.583 0 Td
(thereby)Tj
3.2258 0 Td
(increasing)Tj
4.3256 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(inci-)Tj
-34.1175 -1.2983 Td
(dence)Tj
2.5681 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(recurrent)Tj
3.9742 0 Td
(UTI)Tj
1.9105 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(10)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.7348 0 Td
(11)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.7405 0 Td
(Antimicrobial)Tj
5.8563 0 Td
(resistance)Tj
4.1329 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(UTI-causing)Tj
5.2837 0 Td
(micro-organisms)Tj
7.0922 0 Td
(is)Tj
-36.3455 -1.2983 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(globally)Tj
3.3279 0 Td
(growing)Tj
3.5262 0 Td
(threat)Tj
2.5739 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(12)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
(Therefore,)Tj
4.3937 0 Td
(there)Tj
2.2677 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(urgent)Tj
2.8573 0 Td
(need)Tj
2.143 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(develop)Tj
3.3165 0 Td
(novel)Tj
2.4038 0 Td
(therapeutics)Tj
-32.6095 -1.3039 Td
(that)Tj
1.7744 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4514 0 Td
(directly)Tj
3.2314 0 Td
(targeted)Tj
3.4639 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(reach)Tj
2.3981 0 Td
(inside)Tj
2.6135 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(host)Tj
1.9106 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9218 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(kill)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(virulent)Tj
3.3562 0 Td
(intracellular)Tj
5.0626 0 Td
(bacteria.)Tj
-30.9881 -1.2982 Td
(Carbon-based)Tj
5.8563 0 Td
(nanoparticles,)Tj
5.828 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(include)Tj
3.1861 0 Td
(nanodiamonds)Tj
6.2532 0 Td
(\(NDs\),)Tj
2.9593 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4457 0 Td
(promising)Tj
4.3426 0 Td
(candidates)Tj
-32.8419 -1.2983 Td
(for)Tj
1.3832 0 Td
(delivering)Tj
4.218 0 Td
(drugs)Tj
2.4718 0 Td
(due)Tj
1.7007 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.1033 0 Td
(small)Tj
2.33 0 Td
(size,)Tj
1.9106 0 Td
(chemically)Tj
4.4844 0 Td
(inert)Tj
2.1316 0 Td
(core,)Tj
2.1657 0 Td
(tunable)Tj
3.2088 0 Td
(surface)Tj
3.05 0 Td
(functionality,)Tj
-32.1843 -1.3039 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.1033 0 Td
(ability)Tj
2.6929 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0204 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(internalized)Tj
4.9833 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(mammalian)Tj
5.0399 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(13)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(16)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
3.5433 0 Td
(NDs)Tj
2.0466 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4457 0 Td
(also)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(more)Tj
2.3357 0 Td
(biocompat-)Tj
-32.961 -1.2983 Td
(ible)Tj
1.661 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(show)Tj
2.3017 0 Td
(less)Tj
1.6101 0 Td
(cytotoxicity)Tj
4.8868 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(biological)Tj
4.0876 0 Td
(systems)Tj
3.2995 0 Td
(compared)Tj
4.2462 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(other)Tj
2.3527 0 Td
(carbon-based)Tj
5.6126 0 Td
(nanopar-)Tj
-33.8454 -1.2982 Td
(ticles)Tj
2.2393 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(17)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.7348 0 Td
(18)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(nanoscale)Tj
4.1442 0 Td
(size)Tj
1.6838 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(NDs)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(also)Tj
1.7632 0 Td
(provides)Tj
3.651 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(large)Tj
2.16 0 Td
(surface)Tj
3.0444 0 Td
(area)Tj
1.8822 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(adsorb)Tj
2.931 0 Td
(or)Tj
-33.5109 -1.2983 Td
(covalently)Tj
4.2576 0 Td
(link)Tj
1.7744 0 Td
(therapeutic)Tj
4.7339 0 Td
(molecules)Tj
4.2009 0 Td
(like)Tj
1.6497 0 Td
(drugs.)Tj
2.6986 0 Td
(There)Tj
2.5795 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4457 0 Td
(many)Tj
2.4774 0 Td
(reports)Tj
3.0728 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(utilized)Tj
-32.7286 -1.3039 Td
(NDs)Tj
2.0522 0 Td
(loaded)Tj
2.8857 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9955 0 Td
(drugs)Tj
2.4775 0 Td
(belonging)Tj
4.1953 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(anthracycline)Tj
5.6239 0 Td
(family)Tj
2.7269 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(treatment)Tj
4.1328 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(cancers)Tj
3.2088 0 Td
(like)Tj
-35.6652 -1.2983 Td
(leukemia,)Tj
4.0818 0 Td
(lung,)Tj
2.2337 0 Td
(prostate)Tj
3.4299 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(hepatic)Tj
3.1124 0 Td
(cancer)Tj
2.846 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(19)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(22)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
3.5433 0 Td
(NDs)Tj
2.0523 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.627 0 Td
(also)Tj
1.7689 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1508 0 Td
(tested)Tj
2.5512 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(candidates)Tj
4.4673 0 Td
(for)Tj
-35.6085 -1.2983 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(treatment)Tj
4.1329 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0204 0 Td
(infectious)Tj
4.1273 0 Td
(diseases.)Tj
3.6056 0 Td
(There)Tj
2.5795 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(been)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(few)Tj
1.6157 0 Td
(reports)Tj
3.0671 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(antibacterial)Tj
5.176 0 Td
(effects)Tj
-34.3726 -1.3039 Td
(of)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(plain)Tj
2.2337 0 Td
(NDs)Tj
2.0523 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(Gram-positive)Tj
6.0037 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(Gram-negative)Tj
6.2249 0 Td
(bacteria)Tj
3.3788 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(23)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(25)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
3.5433 0 Td
(However,)Tj
4.0762 0 Td
(none)Tj
2.2507 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
-34.8035 -1.2982 Td
(studies)Tj
2.9876 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(investigated)Tj
4.9889 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(ability)Tj
2.6929 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(NDs)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(kill)Tj
1.4796 0 Td
(pathogenic)Tj
4.6318 0 Td
(intracellular)Tj
5.057 0 Td
(bacteria)Tj
3.3789 0 Td
(like)Tj
1.6554 0 Td
(UPEC)Tj
-34.4917 -1.2983 Td
(that)Tj
1.7744 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(reside)Tj
2.5965 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(host)Tj
1.9106 0 Td
(cells.)Tj
2.1486 0 Td
(Since)Tj
2.3584 0 Td
(NDs)Tj
2.0523 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(internalized)Tj
4.989 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(mammalian)Tj
5.0456 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(16)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.7348 0 Td
(26)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(we)Tj
-34.8829 -1.3039 Td
(hypothesized)Tj
5.4651 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(NDs)Tj
2.0522 0 Td
(will)Tj
1.6668 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1508 0 Td
(taken)Tj
2.4208 0 Td
(up)Tj
1.2643 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(human)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(bladder)Tj
3.2598 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9162 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(facilitate)Tj
3.6 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(killing)Tj
2.7553 0 Td
(of)Tj
-34.7922 -1.2983 Td
(intracellular)Tj
5.0569 0 Td
(pathogens.)Tj
-3.8607 -1.2983 Td
(In)Tj
1.1111 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(current)Tj
3.1861 0 Td
(study,)Tj
2.6135 0 Td
(we)Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(tested)Tj
2.5569 0 Td
(our)Tj
1.6214 0 Td
(hypothesis)Tj
4.4673 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(evaluating)Tj
4.32 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(ability)Tj
2.6929 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(NDs)Tj
2.0523 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(two)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(differ-)Tj
-35.0076 -1.2982 Td
(ent)Tj
1.491 0 Td
(sizes)Tj
2.0409 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(internalized)Tj
4.9889 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1849 0 Td
(human)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(bladder)Tj
3.2542 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9218 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(target)Tj
2.5115 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(kill)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(intracellular)Tj
5.057 0 Td
(UPEC.)Tj
2.9763 0 Td
(We)Tj
-34.9112 -1.3039 Td
(utilized)Tj
3.1917 0 Td
(an)Tj
/F15 1 Tf
1.2019 0 Td
[()12()]TJ
1.0148 0 Td
[()-13()14()7( )20()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
2.0466 0 Td
(UTI)Tj
1.9049 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(comprising)Tj
4.7679 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(T24)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(human)Tj
3.0727 0 Td
(bladder)Tj
3.2599 0 Td
(epithelial)Tj
3.8721 0 Td
(carcinoma)Tj
4.4503 0 Td
(cell)Tj
-35.7956 -1.2983 Td
(line)Tj
1.7064 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(infected)Tj
3.4186 0 Td
(these)Tj
2.2563 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9163 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0012 0 Td
(clinically)Tj
3.7757 0 Td
(isolated)Tj
3.2825 0 Td
(invasive)Tj
3.4356 0 Td
(strain)Tj
2.5001 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(UPEC)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(expresses)Tj
3.9288 0 Td
(the)Tj
-35.4895 -1.2983 Td
(Dr)Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(adhesin.)Tj
3.5319 0 Td
(Dr)Tj
1.3323 0 Td
(adhesion)Tj
3.8154 0 Td
(bearing)Tj
/F15 1 Tf
3.2371 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
(.)Tj
/F15 1 Tf
0.9922 0 Td
[()7()10()12()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
1.559 0 Td
(utilize)Tj
2.6645 0 Td
(host)Tj
1.9106 0 Td
(receptors)Tj
3.9174 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(attach)Tj
2.6362 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(internalize)Tj
4.4617 0 Td
(into)Tj
-34.1402 -1.3039 Td
(bladder)Tj
3.2541 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(kidney)Tj
2.9367 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9218 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(tissues)Tj
2.8176 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(27)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
(Clinical)Tj
3.3166 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7347 0 Td
(experimental)Tj
5.4539 0 Td
(studies)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(shown)Tj
2.8516 0 Td
(that)Tj
-34.8715 -1.2982 Td
(Dr)Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(bearing)Tj
/F15 1 Tf
3.2371 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
(.)Tj
/F15 1 Tf
0.9921 0 Td
[()7()10()12()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
1.5591 0 Td
(cause)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(cystitis)Tj
2.948 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(acute)Tj
2.3301 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(chronic)Tj
3.2882 0 Td
(pyelonephritis)Tj
5.9527 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(28)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.7348 0 Td
(29)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.7405 0 Td
(NDs)Tj
2.0522 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(the)Tj
-35.0076 -1.2983 Td
(average)Tj
3.2258 0 Td
(particle)Tj
3.2031 0 Td
(size)Tj
1.6838 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(6)Tj
0.6916 0 Td
(nm)Tj
1.5931 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(25)Tj
1.1679 0 Td
(nm)Tj
1.5873 0 Td
(synthesized)Tj
4.8302 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1793 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(detonation)Tj
4.5807 0 Td
(method)Tj
3.3279 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0942 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(high)Tj
-33.8511 -1.3039 Td
(pressure/high)Tj
5.6919 0 Td
(temperature)Tj
5.1307 0 Td
(\(HPHT\))Tj
3.6056 0 Td
(method)Tj
3.3222 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(utilized)Tj
3.1918 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(current)Tj
3.1861 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(30)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0806 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(two)Tj
-35.0019 -1.2983 Td
(methods)Tj
3.685 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(ND)Tj
1.6894 0 Td
(synthesis)Tj
3.8267 0 Td
(result)Tj
2.4435 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(NDs)Tj
2.0522 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0013 0 Td
(different)Tj
3.6567 0 Td
(morphologies,)Tj
5.964 0 Td
(phase)Tj
2.4832 0 Td
(purities,)Tj
3.4752 0 Td
(defect)Tj
-33.3295 -1.2983 Td
(structures)Tj
4.1839 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(surface)Tj
3.05 0 Td
(functional)Tj
4.3087 0 Td
(groups)Tj
2.9707 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7744 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(influence)Tj
3.9175 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.1089 0 Td
(interactions)Tj
4.9663 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(human)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(cells)Tj
-35.7106 -1.3039 Td
(or)Tj
1.0941 0 Td
(bacteria)Tj
3.3789 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(31)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
-3.2768 -1.2982 Td
(Commercially)Tj
5.896 0 Td
(obtained)Tj
3.7304 0 Td
(6)Tj
0.6973 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(25)Tj
1.1679 0 Td
(nm)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(NDs)Tj
2.0522 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(purified)Tj
3.4073 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(acid)Tj
1.8708 0 Td
(treatment)Tj
4.1386 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0204 0 Td
(remove)Tj
3.2202 0 Td
(metals)Tj
-35.0133 -1.2983 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(other)Tj
2.347 0 Td
(carbon-based)Tj
5.6126 0 Td
(contaminants)Tj
5.7089 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(32)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0807 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(phase)Tj
2.4831 0 Td
(purity,)Tj
2.8857 0 Td
(surface)Tj
3.0444 0 Td
(functional)Tj
4.3086 0 Td
(groups,)Tj
3.1975 0 Td
(sur-)Tj
-35.1777 -1.2983 Td
(face)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(charge)Tj
2.8686 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(particle)Tj
3.2032 0 Td
(size,)Tj
1.9048 0 Td
(morphology)Tj
5.1477 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(crystallinity)Tj
4.8926 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(NDs)Tj
2.0523 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(characterized)Tj
5.5616 0 Td
(by)Tj
-35.4782 -1.3039 Td
(Raman)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(spectroscopy,)Tj
5.6068 0 Td
(Fourier)Tj
3.2202 0 Td
(transform)Tj
4.2179 0 Td
(infrared)Tj
3.4526 0 Td
(\(FTIR\))Tj
2.999 0 Td
(spectroscopy,)Tj
5.6126 0 Td
(zeta)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(potential)Tj
3.7587 0 Td
(measure-)Tj
-33.732 -1.2983 Td
(ments)Tj
2.6702 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(transmission)Tj
5.3631 0 Td
(electron)Tj
3.4639 0 Td
(microscopy)Tj
4.8699 0 Td
(\(TEM\),)Tj
3.2031 0 Td
(respectively.)Tj
5.108 0 Td
(We)Tj
1.6101 0 Td
(found)Tj
2.6192 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(6)Tj
0.6973 0 Td
(nm)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(acid-)Tj
-34.6958 -1.2982 Td
(treated)Tj
2.9933 0 Td
(NDs)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(showed)Tj
3.2484 0 Td
(better)Tj
2.5399 0 Td
(antibacterial)Tj
5.176 0 Td
(activity)Tj
3.1181 0 Td
(than)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(25)Tj
1.1678 0 Td
(nm)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(acid-treated)Tj
5.0003 0 Td
(NDs)Tj
2.0523 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(facilitated)Tj
-32.7059 -1.3039 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(killing)Tj
2.7552 0 Td
(intracellular)Tj
5.057 0 Td
(UPEC)Tj
2.7496 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(concentrations)Tj
6.1795 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(non-toxic)Tj
4.1385 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(T24)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(bladder)Tj
3.2598 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9163 0 Td
(as)Tj
-35.1834 -1.2983 Td
(compared)Tj
4.2406 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(acid-treated)Tj
5.0003 0 Td
(25)Tj
1.1735 0 Td
(nm)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(NDs.)Tj
2.279 0 Td
(We)Tj
1.6101 0 Td
(further)Tj
3.0274 0 Td
(determined)Tj
4.8472 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(internalization)Tj
6.0944 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(6)Tj
0.6973 0 Td
(nm)Tj
-34.3783 -1.2983 Td
(NDs)Tj
2.0522 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(critical)Tj
2.948 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(reduction)Tj
4.1159 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(intracellular)Tj
5.057 0 Td
(UPEC)Tj
2.7496 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(infected)Tj
3.4242 0 Td
(bladder)Tj
3.2542 0 Td
(cells.)Tj
2.1486 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(findings)Tj
-33.2841 -1.3039 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6724 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(will)Tj
1.6611 0 Td
(enable)Tj
2.8007 0 Td
(us)Tj
1.1111 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(evaluate)Tj
3.4639 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(feasibility)Tj
4.0309 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(NDs)Tj
2.0522 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(therapeutic)Tj
4.7339 0 Td
(agents)Tj
2.7496 0 Td
(to)Tj
-35.79 -1.2982 Td
(treat)Tj
2.0466 0 Td
(UTIs)Tj
2.2677 0 Td
(caused)Tj
2.914 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1848 0 Td
(invasive)Tj
3.4299 0 Td
(UPEC.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
W* n
q
107.0929 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 447.8173 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Nanodiam)Tj
4.4716 0 Td
(onds)Tj
2.3528 0 Td
(kill)Tj
1.3536 0 Td
(intracel)Tj
3.1535 0 Td
(lular)Tj
/F8 1 Tf
2.0693 0 Td
(E)Tj
/F0 1 Tf
(.)Tj
/F8 1 Tf
1.1552 0 Td
(coli)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
81.5811 34.9228 m
237.8835 34.9228 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(ONE)Tj
2.3669 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
0.4748 0 Td
(https://doi.or)Tj
5.4142 0 Td
(g/10.137)Tj
3.8198 0 Td
(1/journal.po)Tj
5.1236 0 Td
(ne.01910)Tj
4.089 0 Td
(20)Tj
0 g
2.0906 0 Td
(January)Tj
3.7205 0 Td
(11,)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(2018)Tj
33.5979 0 Td
(2)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
0.496 0 Td
(19)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
-0.025 Tc
-66.402 84.0904 Td
(collection)Tj
3.7417 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(analysis)Tj
2.9623 0 Td
(,)Tj
0.4464 0 Td
(decision)Tj
3.2882 0 Td
(to)Tj
0.9496 0 Td
(publish,)Tj
3.1465 0 Td
(or)Tj
-16.1221 -1.3748 Td
(preparation)Tj
4.4433 0 Td
(of)Tj
0.9496 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.3677 0 Td
(manuscript.)Tj
/F11 1 Tf
-6.7606 -2.126 Td
(Competing)Tj
4.3795 0 Td
(interests)Tj
3.3307 0 Td
(:)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
0.4819 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.5875 0 Td
(authors)Tj
3.0401 0 Td
(have)Tj
1.963 0 Td
(declared)Tj
-14.7827 -1.3749 Td
(that)Tj
1.6228 0 Td
(no)Tj
1.1693 0 Td
(competing)Tj
4.1599 0 Td
(interests)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
42 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
43 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
44 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
45 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
46 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
47 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
48 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
49 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
50 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
51 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
52 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
53 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
54 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
55 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
56 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
57 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
58 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
59 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
60 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
61 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
62 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
63 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
64 0 obj
<>stream
BT
10.3394 79.2147 Td
(exist.)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
65 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 12 0 R/Annots 69 0 R/Contents 70 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
69 0 obj
[71 0 R 72 0 R 73 0 R 74 0 R]
endobj
71 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0191020.ref032)>>
endobj
72 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0191020.ref033)>>
endobj
73 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0191020.ref034)>>
endobj
74 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 75 0 R>>
endobj
75 0 obj
<>
endobj
70 0 obj
[76 0 R 77 0 R 78 0 R 79 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R 82 0 R 83 0 R]
endobj
76 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
320.6551 618.0094 m
330.1795 618.0094 l
h
f*
370.5449 94.9039 m
380.0693 94.9039 l
h
f*
240.548 81.9213 m
250.0724 81.9213 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 706.0535 cm
BT
/F3 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Materials)Tj
4.5071 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.989 0 Td
(methods)Tj
/F16 1 Tf
-6.4961 -1.4976 Td
(Purification)Tj
5.2677 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7906 0 Td
(characterization)Tj
7.0252 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0678 0 Td
(NDs)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 671.074 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(A)Tj
0.8957 0 Td
(slurry)Tj
2.5398 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0091 0 Td
(NDs)Tj
2.0466 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9843 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.1962 0 Td
(average)Tj
3.2145 0 Td
(size)Tj
1.6781 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0034 0 Td
(25)Tj
1.1679 0 Td
(nm)Tj
1.576 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6895 0 Td
(obtained)Tj
3.7247 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.1997 0 Td
(Advanced)Tj
4.2349 0 Td
(Abrasive)Tj
3.7134 0 Td
(Corpora-)Tj
-33.8738 -1.2982 Td
(tion)Tj
1.8425 0 Td
(\(Pennsauken,)Tj
5.6522 0 Td
(NJ\))Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(while)Tj
2.3697 0 Td
(NDs)Tj
2.0523 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(average)Tj
3.2314 0 Td
(size)Tj
1.6838 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(6)Tj
0.6917 0 Td
(nm)Tj
1.593 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(obtained)Tj
3.7361 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(powder)Tj
-32.893 -1.3039 Td
(form)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(Nanostructured)Tj
6.5764 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(Amorphous)Tj
5.0456 0 Td
(Materials)Tj
3.9458 0 Td
(Inc)Tj
1.5307 0 Td
(\(Houston,)Tj
4.303 0 Td
(TX\).)Tj
2.0523 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(25)Tj
1.1735 0 Td
(nm)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(ND)Tj
-34.1345 -1.2983 Td
(slurry)Tj
2.5511 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(heated)Tj
2.8516 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9525 0 Td
(70C)Tj
2.228 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(obtain)Tj
2.7836 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(powder.)Tj
3.4752 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(nanodiamonds)Tj
6.2532 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(purified)Tj
3.4129 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(acid-treat-)Tj
-32.9667 -1.2983 Td
(ment)Tj
2.3073 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(described)Tj
4.0536 0 Td
(previously)Tj
4.3483 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(32)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0806 0 Td
(Briefly,)Tj
3.0727 0 Td
(1)Tj
0.6973 0 Td
(mg)Tj
1.5081 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(25)Tj
1.1679 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(6)Tj
0.6973 0 Td
(nm)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(ND)Tj
1.6894 0 Td
(powders)Tj
3.617 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(treated)Tj
-33.5449 -1.2982 Td
(with)Tj
1.9955 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(mixture)Tj
3.3959 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(H)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 278.2488 604.4031 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(2)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 281.8204 606.1039 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(SO)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 294.0661 604.4031 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(4)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 299.7921 606.1039 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(\(95%\))Tj
2.6078 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(HNO)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 365.6692 604.4031 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(3)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 371.4519 606.1039 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(\(68%\))Tj
2.6078 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(volume)Tj
3.2031 0 Td
(ratio)Tj
2.0977 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(9:1)Tj
1.3946 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(70C)Tj
2.228 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(24)Tj
1.1736 0 Td
(hours)Tj
-34.8035 -1.3039 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(remove)Tj
3.2201 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(carbon)Tj
3.0104 0 Td
(impruties.)Tj
4.2973 0 Td
(Upon)Tj
2.5285 0 Td
(cooling,)Tj
3.4128 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(acids)Tj
2.2337 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(decanted)Tj
3.8268 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(0.1)Tj
1.4003 0 Td
(M)Tj
1.1112 0 Td
(NaOH)Tj
2.9026 0 Td
(was)Tj
-35.7559 -1.2982 Td
(added)Tj
2.6589 0 Td
(slowly)Tj
2.7212 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(NDs)Tj
2.0523 0 Td
(until)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(suspension)Tj
4.643 0 Td
(became)Tj
3.2485 0 Td
(basic.)Tj
2.4378 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(suspension)Tj
4.6431 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(heated)Tj
2.8573 0 Td
(at)Tj
-34.8148 -1.2983 Td
(70C)Tj
2.228 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(2)Tj
0.6974 0 Td
(hours)Tj
2.5114 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(neutralize)Tj
4.1725 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(surface)Tj
3.0444 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(sulfuric)Tj
3.2371 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(nitride)Tj
2.9254 0 Td
(ions.)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(Next)Tj
2.1429 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(supernatant)Tj
-32.3714 -1.3039 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(decanted)Tj
3.8268 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(0.1)Tj
1.3946 0 Td
(M)Tj
1.1112 0 Td
(HCl)Tj
1.8992 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(added)Tj
2.6588 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4682 0 Td
(NDs)Tj
2.0523 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(heated)Tj
2.8573 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(70C)Tj
2.2281 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(2)Tj
0.6973 0 Td
(hours)Tj
2.5171 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(remove)Tj
-33.9531 -1.2983 Td
(metal)Tj
2.4378 0 Td
(impurities.)Tj
4.5694 0 Td
(Finally,)Tj
3.1691 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(supernatant)Tj
4.9832 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7007 0 Td
(decantated)Tj
4.5581 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(NDs)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(washed)Tj
3.1805 0 Td
(with)Tj
-33.4429 -1.2982 Td
(endotoxin)Tj
4.3143 0 Td
(free)Tj
1.7235 0 Td
(deionized)Tj
4.1272 0 Td
(water)Tj
2.4321 0 Td
(followed)Tj
3.6453 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1848 0 Td
(centrifugation)Tj
5.8847 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(14,385)Tj
/F17 1 Tf
2.8233 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
0.7937 0 Td
(g)Tj
0.6803 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(30)Tj
1.1735 0 Td
(minutes)Tj
3.4639 0 Td
(\(Alle-)Tj
-34.588 -1.304 Td
(gra)Tj
1.4854 0 Td
(X-30)Tj
2.177 0 Td
(Centrifuge,)Tj
4.7225 0 Td
(BECKMAN)Tj
5.0172 0 Td
(COULTER\).)Tj
5.2667 0 Td
(Washing)Tj
3.7927 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(repeated)Tj
3.6397 0 Td
(till)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(pH)Tj
1.5024 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(supper-)Tj
-34.5257 -1.2982 Td
(natant)Tj
2.778 0 Td
(reached)Tj
3.3562 0 Td
(7)Tj
0.6916 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(ions)Tj
1.9049 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(removed.)Tj
3.9684 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(NDs)Tj
2.0522 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(air)Tj
1.2926 0 Td
(dried)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9525 0 Td
(room)Tj
2.4207 0 Td
(temperature)Tj
5.1307 0 Td
(and)Tj
-34.6504 -1.2983 Td
(characterized.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 459.0425 cm
BT
/F16 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Characterization)Tj
7.2756 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.063 0 Td
(NDs)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 211.9748 442.0346 cm
BT
/F16 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(Raman)Tj
3.2031 0 Td
(spectroscopy.)Tj
/F10 1 Tf
6.4346 0 Td
(Raman)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(spectroscopy)Tj
5.3801 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(confirm)Tj
3.4469 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(removal)Tj
3.4753 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(impu-)Tj
-34.9566 -1.2982 Td
(rity)Tj
1.61 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(presence)Tj
3.7134 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(diamond.)Tj
4.0762 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(sample)Tj
3.0217 0 Td
(preparation)Tj
4.9096 0 Td
(approach)Tj
3.9515 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0204 0 Td
(mix)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(ND)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(pow-)Tj
-34.9396 -1.3039 Td
(der)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(water,)Tj
2.6588 0 Td
(then)Tj
2.0183 0 Td
(add)Tj
1.7064 0 Td
(few)Tj
1.6158 0 Td
(drops)Tj
2.5058 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(mixture)Tj
3.3959 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(glass)Tj
2.0863 0 Td
(slide)Tj
2.0466 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(let)Tj
1.1905 0 Td
(it)Tj
0.7824 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1508 0 Td
(dried)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9525 0 Td
(room)Tj
-34.1289 -1.2983 Td
(temperature.)Tj
5.3517 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(dried)Tj
2.3358 0 Td
(powder)Tj
3.2484 0 Td
(made)Tj
2.4265 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(flat)Tj
1.491 0 Td
(surface)Tj
3.0444 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(desirable)Tj
3.7814 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3889 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(Raman)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(measur-)Tj
-33.5506 -1.2983 Td
(ment.)Tj
2.5341 0 Td
(Raman)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(spectra)Tj
3.0501 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(obtained)Tj
3.736 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(Nicolet)Tj
3.1181 0 Td
(Almega)Tj
3.2938 0 Td
(XR)Tj
1.4967 0 Td
(Dispersive)Tj
4.3994 0 Td
(Raman)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(960)Tj
-34.1289 -1.2982 Td
(spectrometer)Tj
5.4594 0 Td
(\(Thermo)Tj
3.8154 0 Td
(Fisher)Tj
2.6986 0 Td
(Scientific,)Tj
4.1272 0 Td
(Waltham,)Tj
4.1726 0 Td
(MA\))Tj
2.1373 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(532)Tj
1.6497 0 Td
(nm)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(laser)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(excitation)Tj
4.1499 0 Td
(over)Tj
1.9785 0 Td
(the)Tj
-35.8296 -1.3039 Td
(range)Tj
2.4604 0 Td
(7502500)Tj
4.0649 0 Td
(cm)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 277.7385 368.5039 cm
BT
/F17 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
(1)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 287.7165 364.0251 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(80%)Tj
1.9332 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(incident)Tj
3.5206 0 Td
(laser)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(power.)Tj
/F16 1 Tf
-17.053 -1.2982 Td
(Fourier)Tj
3.3619 0 Td
(transform)Tj
4.4616 0 Td
(infrared)Tj
3.651 0 Td
(spectroscopy)Tj
5.6012 0 Td
(\(FTIR\).)Tj
/F10 1 Tf
3.9628 0 Td
(FTIR)Tj
2.3188 0 Td
(spectroscopy)Tj
5.3858 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7007 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(con-)Tj
-34.7241 -1.2983 Td
(firm)Tj
1.9672 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(functional)Tj
4.3086 0 Td
(groups)Tj
2.9706 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(NDs)Tj
2.0523 0 Td
(surface.)Tj
3.2711 0 Td
(For)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(FTIR)Tj
2.3244 0 Td
(measurement,)Tj
5.896 0 Td
(1)Tj
0.6917 0 Td
(mg)Tj
1.508 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(ND)Tj
1.6952 0 Td
(sample)Tj
3.0217 0 Td
(was)Tj
-35.7446 -1.3039 Td
(added)Tj
2.6589 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(200)Tj
/F17 1 Tf
1.6441 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
(l)Tj
0.9751 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(deionized)Tj
4.1271 0 Td
(water.)Tj
2.6533 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(suspension)Tj
4.6431 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(added)Tj
2.6645 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2076 0 Td
(aluminum)Tj
4.4106 0 Td
(coated)Tj
2.829 0 Td
(silicon)Tj
-34.3556 -1.2983 Td
(substrate,)Tj
4.0252 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(dried)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9523 0 Td
(room)Tj
2.4208 0 Td
(temperature.)Tj
5.3575 0 Td
(FTIR)Tj
2.3187 0 Td
(spectra)Tj
3.05 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(collected)Tj
3.7418 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(reflection)Tj
4.0138 0 Td
(mode)Tj
-34.5767 -1.2982 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(incident)Tj
3.5262 0 Td
(beam)Tj
2.4037 0 Td
(angle)Tj
2.3357 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(70.)Tj
1.7915 0 Td
(FTIR)Tj
2.3188 0 Td
(spectra)Tj
3.05 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(recorded)Tj
3.7984 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(Varian)Tj
2.9707 0 Td
(680-IR)Tj
2.9594 0 Td
(Fourier)Tj
-32.6662 -1.3039 Td
(Transform)Tj
4.5297 0 Td
(Infrared)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(\(FT-IR\))Tj
3.3505 0 Td
(spectrometer)Tj
5.4594 0 Td
(\(Agilent)Tj
3.4923 0 Td
(Technology\))Tj
5.2724 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0013 0 Td
(PIKE)Tj
2.3584 0 Td
(VeeMAX)Tj
3.9911 0 Td
(II)Tj
0.9014 0 Td
(reflec-)Tj
-34.8828 -1.2983 Td
(tion)Tj
1.8425 0 Td
(setup.)Tj
/F16 1 Tf
-0.6463 -1.2983 Td
(Zeta)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(potential)Tj
3.9855 0 Td
(measurement.)Tj
/F10 1 Tf
6.7293 0 Td
(Zeta)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(potential)Tj
3.7644 0 Td
(measurement)Tj
5.6692 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(confirm)Tj
3.4469 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(sur-)Tj
-35.0926 -1.2982 Td
(face)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(charges)Tj
3.2258 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(NDs.)Tj
2.279 0 Td
(For)Tj
1.6214 0 Td
(sample)Tj
3.0217 0 Td
(preparation,)Tj
5.1363 0 Td
(1)Tj
0.6974 0 Td
(mg)Tj
1.5023 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(ND)Tj
1.6895 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7007 0 Td
(mixed)Tj
2.7213 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(1)Tj
0.6973 0 Td
(ml)Tj
1.2869 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(dis-)Tj
-35.3534 -1.304 Td
(tilled)Tj
2.228 0 Td
(water,)Tj
2.6589 0 Td
(then)Tj
2.0183 0 Td
(inserted)Tj
3.4411 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(folded)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(capillary)Tj
3.6113 0 Td
(cells.)Tj
2.1487 0 Td
(This)Tj
1.9842 0 Td
(measurement)Tj
5.6693 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(performed)Tj
4.4673 0 Td
(using)Tj
-33.7036 -1.2982 Td
(Malvern)Tj
3.5887 0 Td
(Zeta)Tj
1.9785 0 Td
(Sizer)Tj
2.1713 0 Td
(ZS90)Tj
2.245 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9955 0 Td
(633)Tj
1.6498 0 Td
(nm)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(laser)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(excitation.)Tj
/F16 1 Tf
-16.0779 -1.2983 Td
(Transmission)Tj
5.9301 0 Td
(electron)Tj
3.6055 0 Td
(microscopy)Tj
5.0286 0 Td
(\(TEM\).)Tj
/F10 1 Tf
3.8551 0 Td
(TEM)Tj
2.2904 0 Td
(imaging)Tj
3.4866 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(mor-)Tj
-34.0381 -1.3039 Td
(phology)Tj
3.4412 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4741 0 Td
(NDs.)Tj
2.279 0 Td
(TEM)Tj
2.2903 0 Td
(analysis)Tj
3.3278 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(performed)Tj
4.4674 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(air)Tj
1.2926 0 Td
(drying)Tj
2.8573 0 Td
(NDs)Tj
2.0522 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(holey)Tj
2.3811 0 Td
(carbon)Tj
3.0104 0 Td
(film)Tj
-34.0438 -1.2983 Td
(grids.)Tj
2.4378 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(samples)Tj
3.3846 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1202 0 Td
(imaged)Tj
3.1578 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2755 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(JEOL)Tj
2.4038 0 Td
(JEM-2100)Tj
4.2689 0 Td
(transmission)Tj
5.3631 0 Td
(electron)Tj
3.464 0 Td
(microscope)Tj
-30.3078 -1.2982 Td
(\(JEOL)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(USA,)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(Inc.,)Tj
1.9843 0 Td
(Peabody,)Tj
3.855 0 Td
(MA\).)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 139.011 cm
BT
/F16 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Bacterial)Tj
3.9449 0 Td
(strain)Tj
2.6551 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7953 0 Td
(human)Tj
3.1795 0 Td
(cell)Tj
1.63 0 Td
(line)Tj
1.7811 0 Td
(maintenance)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 122.0031 cm
BT
/F15 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
[()-4(\n)-3()13()6()2( )-9()4()13()18()4(\r)]TJ
4.6261 0 Td
[()7()10()12()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
1.559 0 Td
(strain)Tj
2.5001 0 Td
(IH1128)Tj
3.2315 0 Td
(\(O75:K5:)Tj
3.8608 0 Td
(H)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 365.4425 126.4251 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(-)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 370.2614 122.0031 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(strain\))Tj
2.8402 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8448 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(Dr)Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(adhesin)Tj
3.3109 0 Td
(bearing)Tj
3.2371 0 Td
(clinically)Tj
3.7757 0 Td
(isolated)Tj
-33.0176 -1.2982 Td
(uropathogenic)Tj
6.0377 0 Td
(strain.)Tj
2.7269 0 Td
(Pure)Tj
2.0977 0 Td
(cultures)Tj
3.4015 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(grown)Tj
2.8005 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(Luria)Tj
2.3584 0 Td
(agar)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(plates)Tj
2.5001 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(routinely)Tj
3.8664 0 Td
(tested)Tj
2.5512 0 Td
(for)Tj
-35.3874 -1.3039 Td
(hemagglutination)Tj
7.2963 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(described)Tj
4.0535 0 Td
(previously)Tj
4.3483 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(33)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0806 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(human)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(bladder)Tj
3.2542 0 Td
(epithelial)Tj
3.8721 0 Td
(carcinoma)Tj
4.4503 0 Td
(cell)Tj
-35.2286 -1.2983 Td
(line,)Tj
1.9275 0 Td
(T24)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(34)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(generously)Tj
4.5467 0 Td
(provided)Tj
3.8154 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1848 0 Td
(Dr.)Tj
1.5534 0 Td
(Dale)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(E.)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(Bjorling)Tj
3.4639 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2054 0 Td
(University)Tj
4.3993 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(Wisconsin-)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
W* n
q
107.0929 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 447.8173 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Nanodiam)Tj
4.4716 0 Td
(onds)Tj
2.3528 0 Td
(kill)Tj
1.3536 0 Td
(intracel)Tj
3.1535 0 Td
(lular)Tj
/F8 1 Tf
2.0693 0 Td
(E)Tj
/F0 1 Tf
(.)Tj
/F8 1 Tf
1.1552 0 Td
(coli)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
81.5811 34.9228 m
237.8835 34.9228 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(ONE)Tj
2.3669 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
0.4748 0 Td
(https://doi.or)Tj
5.4142 0 Td
(g/10.137)Tj
3.8198 0 Td
(1/journal.po)Tj
5.1236 0 Td
(ne.01910)Tj
4.089 0 Td
(20)Tj
0 g
2.0906 0 Td
(January)Tj
3.7205 0 Td
(11,)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(2018)Tj
33.5979 0 Td
(3)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
77 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
78 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
79 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
80 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
81 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
82 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
83 0 obj
<>stream
BT
66.402 0 Td
(19)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
84 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 12 0 R/Annots 85 0 R/Contents 86 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
85 0 obj
[87 0 R 88 0 R]
endobj
87 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0191020.ref035)>>
endobj
88 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 89 0 R>>
endobj
89 0 obj
<>
endobj
86 0 obj
[90 0 R 91 0 R 92 0 R 93 0 R 94 0 R 95 0 R]
endobj
90 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
419.2441 446.6268 m
428.7685 446.6268 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 707.4141 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(Madison.)Tj
3.9798 0 Td
(T24)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(bladder)Tj
3.2541 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(cultured)Tj
3.5716 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(grown)Tj
2.7949 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(nutrient)Tj
3.5036 0 Td
(media)Tj
2.6872 0 Td
(comprising)Tj
4.7679 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(DMEM:)Tj
-34.1686 -1.3039 Td
(F12)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(\(1:1;)Tj
1.9672 0 Td
(Thermo)Tj
3.4752 0 Td
(Fisher)Tj
2.6986 0 Td
(Scientific,)Tj
4.1272 0 Td
(Waltham,)Tj
4.1726 0 Td
(MA\))Tj
2.1373 0 Td
(supplemented)Tj
5.8563 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(9%)Tj
1.4514 0 Td
(fetal)Tj
1.9105 0 Td
(bovine)Tj
2.931 0 Td
(serum)Tj
-34.418 -1.2982 Td
(\(Atlanta)Tj
3.5035 0 Td
(Biologicals,)Tj
4.7509 0 Td
(Inc.,)Tj
1.9786 0 Td
(Flowery)Tj
3.4355 0 Td
(Branch,)Tj
3.3335 0 Td
(GA\))Tj
1.9559 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(antibiotics)Tj
4.3993 0 Td
(\(100)Tj
1.9899 0 Td
(U/mL)Tj
2.6419 0 Td
(penicillin)Tj
3.9741 0 Td
(and)Tj
-33.6923 -1.2983 Td
(100)Tj
/F17 1 Tf
1.644 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
(g/mL)Tj
2.88 0 Td
(streptomycin;)Tj
5.7373 0 Td
(Thermo)Tj
3.4809 0 Td
(Fisher)Tj
2.6986 0 Td
(Scientific,)Tj
4.1272 0 Td
(Waltham,)Tj
4.1726 0 Td
(MA\))Tj
2.1373 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9468 0 Td
(37C)Tj
2.228 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(humidified)Tj
-32.4394 -1.2983 Td
(atmosphere)Tj
4.9039 0 Td
(containing)Tj
4.524 0 Td
(5%)Tj
1.457 0 Td
(CO)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 322.9228 653.7259 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(2)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 326.4944 655.4267 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 627.0236 cm
BT
/F16 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Antibacterial)Tj
5.7354 0 Td
(assay)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 610.0724 cm
BT
/F15 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
(.)Tj
/F15 1 Tf
0.9921 0 Td
[()7()10()12()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
1.559 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(grown)Tj
2.7949 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(Luria)Tj
2.3584 0 Td
(agar)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(plates)Tj
2.5058 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9468 0 Td
(37C.)Tj
2.4548 0 Td
(A)Tj
0.9071 0 Td
(bacterial)Tj
3.6226 0 Td
(suspension)Tj
4.6431 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(prepared)Tj
3.8098 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(resus-)Tj
-34.367 -1.3039 Td
(pending)Tj
3.5149 0 Td
(bacterial)Tj
3.6283 0 Td
(colonies)Tj
3.5036 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(DMEM/F12)Tj
5.1194 0 Td
(media)Tj
2.6929 0 Td
(till)Tj
1.2812 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(optical)Tj
2.914 0 Td
(density)Tj
3.1011 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9525 0 Td
(600)Tj
1.644 0 Td
(nm)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(0.5)Tj
1.3946 0 Td
(that)Tj
-35.5348 -1.2982 Td
(corresponded)Tj
5.7259 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(approximately)Tj
5.9754 0 Td
(5)Tj
/F17 1 Tf
0.6973 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
0.7881 0 Td
(10)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 351.6661 588.4724 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(8)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 357.4488 584.0503 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(CFU/mL.)Tj
4.0591 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(bacterial)Tj
3.6226 0 Td
(suspension)Tj
4.6432 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7007 0 Td
(diluted)Tj
3.0388 0 Td
(10)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 555.4204 588.4724 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(4)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 571.0677 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(times)Tj
2.3867 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(treated)Tj
2.9991 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9955 0 Td
(different)Tj
3.6567 0 Td
(concentrations)Tj
6.1795 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(acid-treated)Tj
5.0003 0 Td
(6)Tj
0.6973 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(25)Tj
1.1679 0 Td
(nm)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(NDs)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0942 0 Td
(amoxicillin)Tj
-32.6662 -1.3039 Td
(for)Tj
1.3832 0 Td
(2)Tj
0.6974 0 Td
(hours)Tj
2.5171 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9525 0 Td
(37C.)Tj
2.4491 0 Td
(After)Tj
2.2847 0 Td
(treatment,)Tj
4.3596 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(bacterial)Tj
3.6227 0 Td
(suspension)Tj
4.6431 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(diluted)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(plated)Tj
2.6646 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(sterile)Tj
-34.7922 -1.2982 Td
(Luria)Tj
2.3584 0 Td
(agar)Tj
1.9218 0 Td
(plates)Tj
2.5002 0 Td
(following)Tj
3.9798 0 Td
(incubation)Tj
4.5467 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9525 0 Td
(37C)Tj
2.228 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(18)Tj
1.1678 0 Td
(hours.)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(CFU)Tj
2.1486 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(enumerated)Tj
5.0173 0 Td
(and)Tj
-34.8545 -1.2983 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(CFU/mL)Tj
3.8324 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(untreated)Tj
4.0762 0 Td
(samples)Tj
3.3845 0 Td
(\(0)Tj
/F17 1 Tf
1.0318 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
(g/mL\))Tj
3.2202 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(designated)Tj
4.4957 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(100%.)Tj
2.6305 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(CFU/mL)Tj
3.838 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
-34.503 -1.3039 Td
(treated)Tj
2.9933 0 Td
(samples)Tj
3.3846 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(calculated)Tj
4.2066 0 Td
(relative)Tj
3.1407 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(untreated)Tj
4.0705 0 Td
(sample)Tj
3.0217 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(%)Tj
0.9751 0 Td
(CFU/mL)Tj
3.8324 0 Td
(was)Tj
-33.4429 -1.2983 Td
(depicted)Tj
3.6283 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3867 0 Td
(GraphPad)Tj
4.3087 0 Td
(Prism)Tj
2.5965 0 Td
(v7)Tj
1.1508 0 Td
(\(GraphPad)Tj
4.6488 0 Td
(Software,)Tj
3.9232 0 Td
(Inc.,)Tj
1.9842 0 Td
(La)Tj
1.1962 0 Td
(Jolla)Tj
1.9786 0 Td
(CA\).)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 477.6944 cm
BT
/F16 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Cell)Tj
1.8803 0 Td
(viability)Tj
3.6236 0 Td
(assay)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 460.6866 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(Cell)Tj
1.7971 0 Td
(viability)Tj
3.4186 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(evaluated)Tj
3.9911 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1849 0 Td
(measuring)Tj
4.4334 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(reduction)Tj
4.1102 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(3-\(4,5-dimethylthiaz)Tj
8.2034 0 Td
(ol-2-yl\)-)Tj
-31.3226 -1.2982 Td
(2,5-diphenyltetrazolium)Tj
9.8645 0 Td
(bromide)Tj
3.6453 0 Td
(\(MTT\))Tj
3.016 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(formazan)Tj
4.0365 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(35)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0806 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(MTT)Tj
2.3357 0 Td
(reagent)Tj
3.1861 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(purchased)Tj
-32.6605 -1.2983 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(Life)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(Technologies)Tj
5.5332 0 Td
(\(Thermo)Tj
3.8211 0 Td
(Fisher)Tj
2.6985 0 Td
(Scientific,)Tj
4.1272 0 Td
(Waltham,)Tj
4.1726 0 Td
(MA\).)Tj
2.3584 0 Td
(T24)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(bladder)Tj
3.2542 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(were)Tj
-33.613 -1.3039 Td
(plated)Tj
2.6645 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(96-well)Tj
3.1237 0 Td
(tissue-culture)Tj
5.6296 0 Td
(coated)Tj
2.829 0 Td
(plates)Tj
2.5001 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(18)Tj
1.1735 0 Td
(hours)Tj
2.5115 0 Td
(followed)Tj
3.651 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(treatment)Tj
4.1386 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9955 0 Td
(different)Tj
-34.0608 -1.2983 Td
(concentrations)Tj
6.1794 0 Td
(\(0,)Tj
1.2586 0 Td
(10,)Tj
1.4003 0 Td
(50,)Tj
1.3947 0 Td
(200)Tj
1.6497 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0942 0 Td
(500)Tj
/F17 1 Tf
1.6497 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
(g/mL\))Tj
3.2202 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(25)Tj
1.1678 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0999 0 Td
(6)Tj
0.6973 0 Td
(nm)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(commercial)Tj
4.9549 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(acid-treated)Tj
4.9947 0 Td
(NDs)Tj
-34.4634 -1.2982 Td
(for)Tj
1.3832 0 Td
(24)Tj
1.1736 0 Td
(hours)Tj
2.5115 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(37C.)Tj
2.4548 0 Td
(5)Tj
0.6973 0 Td
(mg/mL)Tj
3.1918 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(MTT)Tj
2.3357 0 Td
(solution)Tj
3.4809 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(added)Tj
2.6589 0 Td
(2)Tj
0.6973 0 Td
(hours)Tj
2.5115 0 Td
(prior)Tj
2.2564 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(completion)Tj
4.7792 0 Td
(of)Tj
-36.2945 -1.3039 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(incubation)Tj
4.5467 0 Td
(time.)Tj
2.2564 0 Td
(After)Tj
2.2847 0 Td
(incubation,)Tj
4.7735 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9218 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(washed)Tj
3.1805 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(1X)Tj
1.3492 0 Td
(phosphate)Tj
4.337 0 Td
(buffered)Tj
3.5773 0 Td
(saline)Tj
-35.2797 -1.2983 Td
(\(PBS\))Tj
2.5114 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(lysed)Tj
2.228 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0013 0 Td
(DMSO)Tj
3.0727 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(solubilize)Tj
3.9855 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(formazan)Tj
4.0308 0 Td
(accumulated)Tj
5.3064 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(cells.)Tj
2.143 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(absorbance)Tj
-32.3317 -1.2983 Td
(of)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(lysates)Tj
2.795 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(measured)Tj
4.1102 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(540)Tj
1.6441 0 Td
(nm)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(absorbance)Tj
4.7338 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(untreated)Tj
4.0762 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(\(0)Tj
/F17 1 Tf
1.0318 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
(g/mL\))Tj
3.2202 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7007 0 Td
(desig-)Tj
-34.7071 -1.3039 Td
(nated)Tj
2.4491 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(100%)Tj
2.4037 0 Td
(survival.)Tj
3.566 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(absorbance)Tj
4.7395 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(treated)Tj
2.9933 0 Td
(samples)Tj
3.3846 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(calculated)Tj
4.2009 0 Td
(relative)Tj
3.1407 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(the)Tj
-34.8829 -1.2983 Td
(untreated)Tj
4.0705 0 Td
(sample)Tj
3.0217 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(%)Tj
0.9751 0 Td
(cell)Tj
1.5591 0 Td
(survival)Tj
3.3392 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(depicted)Tj
3.6283 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(GraphPad)Tj
4.3087 0 Td
(Prism)Tj
2.5965 0 Td
(v7)Tj
1.1508 0 Td
(\(GraphPad)Tj
-31.9405 -1.2982 Td
(Software,)Tj
3.9231 0 Td
(Inc.,)Tj
1.9842 0 Td
(La)Tj
1.1962 0 Td
(Jolla)Tj
1.9786 0 Td
(CA\).)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 289.3606 cm
BT
/F16 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Transmission)Tj
5.9244 0 Td
(electron)Tj
3.6048 0 Td
(microscopy)Tj
5.0268 0 Td
(imaging)Tj
3.6331 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0677 0 Td
(T24)Tj
1.852 0 Td
(bladder)Tj
3.4252 0 Td
(cells)Tj
2.0126 0 Td
(treated)Tj
-26.5466 -1.1669 Td
(with)Tj
2.0787 0 Td
(NDs)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 258.3496 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.008 Tc
0 0 Td
(T24)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(bladder)Tj
3.2314 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.8992 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1033 0 Td
(plated)Tj
2.6476 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2642 0 Td
(tissue)Tj
2.4378 0 Td
(culture)Tj
3.0104 0 Td
(coated)Tj
2.8063 0 Td
(12-well)Tj
3.0954 0 Td
(plates)Tj
2.4774 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.372 0 Td
(18)Tj
1.1622 0 Td
(hours)Tj
2.5001 0 Td
(followed)Tj
3.617 0 Td
(by)Tj
-35.3931 -1.2982 Td
(treatment)Tj
4.0988 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9786 0 Td
(100)Tj
/F17 1 Tf
1.6384 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
(g/mL)Tj
2.8573 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0091 0 Td
(acid)Tj
1.8539 0 Td
(treated)Tj
2.9707 0 Td
(6)Tj
0.6916 0 Td
(nm)Tj
1.5817 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0885 0 Td
(25)Tj
1.1622 0 Td
(nm)Tj
1.5818 0 Td
(NDs)Tj
2.0409 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.372 0 Td
(4)Tj
0.6916 0 Td
(hours.)Tj
2.7156 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.8992 0 Td
(were)Tj
-33.0064 -1.3039 Td
(washed)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9842 0 Td
(1X)Tj
1.3379 0 Td
(PBS,)Tj
2.0466 0 Td
(scraped)Tj
3.2485 0 Td
(off)Tj
1.2926 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.457 0 Td
(tissue)Tj
2.4321 0 Td
(culture)Tj
3.0104 0 Td
(plate)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7178 0 Td
(fixed)Tj
2.1713 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(2%)Tj
1.4457 0 Td
(glutaraldehyde)Tj
6.0718 0 Td
(made)Tj
-34.5144 -1.2983 Td
(in)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(0.1)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(M)Tj
1.1112 0 Td
(sodium)Tj
3.2031 0 Td
(cacodylate)Tj
4.354 0 Td
(buffer)Tj
2.6022 0 Td
(pH)Tj
1.4966 0 Td
(7.0.)Tj
1.6044 0 Td
(Cells)Tj
2.143 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1033 0 Td
(washed)Tj
3.1578 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9786 0 Td
(60)Tj
1.1622 0 Td
(mM)Tj
1.9275 0 Td
(sodium)Tj
3.2031 0 Td
(cacodylate)Tj
-32.4564 -1.2983 Td
(containing)Tj
4.4843 0 Td
(180)Tj
1.6384 0 Td
(mM)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(sucrose)Tj
3.1691 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7178 0 Td
(treated)Tj
2.9707 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9786 0 Td
(1%)Tj
1.4456 0 Td
(OsO)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 411.7039 204.6614 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0107 Tc
0 0 Td
(4)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 417.4299 206.3622 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.008 Tc
0 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3719 0 Td
(1)Tj
0.6917 0 Td
(hour)Tj
2.1373 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9467 0 Td
(room)Tj
2.4095 0 Td
(temperature.)Tj
5.3064 0 Td
(After)Tj
-34.605 -1.3039 Td
(washing,)Tj
3.702 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.8992 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1033 0 Td
(dehydrated)Tj
4.6998 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3697 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6463 0 Td
(series)Tj
2.4038 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0091 0 Td
(graded)Tj
2.9423 0 Td
(ethanol)Tj
3.1804 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7178 0 Td
(finally)Tj
2.6759 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9842 0 Td
(propylene)Tj
-31.3338 -1.2982 Td
(oxide.)Tj
2.6078 0 Td
(Cells)Tj
2.143 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(then)Tj
2.0012 0 Td
(embedded)Tj
4.3653 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(Embed)Tj
3.0444 0 Td
(812)Tj
1.6328 0 Td
(resin)Tj
2.1713 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7233 0 Td
(sectioned)Tj
3.9629 0 Td
(into)Tj
1.8255 0 Td
(70)Tj
1.1622 0 Td
(nm)Tj
1.5817 0 Td
(thick)Tj
2.211 0 Td
(sections)Tj
-33.5732 -1.2983 Td
(using)Tj
2.3697 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6463 0 Td
(Reichert-Jung)Tj
5.7486 0 Td
(Ultracut)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(E)Tj
0.7824 0 Td
(ultramicrotome.)Tj
6.701 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(sections)Tj
3.3788 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(placed)Tj
2.7666 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2642 0 Td
(carbon)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(film)Tj
-34.0494 -1.2983 Td
(TEM)Tj
2.2733 0 Td
(grids)Tj
2.1884 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(stained)Tj
3.0444 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9785 0 Td
(uranyl)Tj
2.7723 0 Td
(acetate)Tj
2.9197 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(Reynold's)Tj
4.0874 0 Td
(lead)Tj
1.8255 0 Td
(citrate.)Tj
2.9254 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7631 0 Td
(sections)Tj
3.3732 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1033 0 Td
(imaged)Tj
-34.6787 -1.3039 Td
(on)Tj
1.2642 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(JEOL)Tj
2.3867 0 Td
(JEM-2100)Tj
4.235 0 Td
(transmission)Tj
5.3177 0 Td
(electron)Tj
3.4299 0 Td
(microscope)Tj
4.7961 0 Td
(\(JEOL)Tj
2.7269 0 Td
(USA,)Tj
2.3244 0 Td
(Inc.,)Tj
1.9616 0 Td
(Peabody,)Tj
3.8267 0 Td
(MA\).)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 112.9889 cm
BT
/F16 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Flow)Tj
2.2441 0 Td
(cytometry)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 95.9811 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(Acid)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(treated)Tj
2.999 0 Td
(6)Tj
0.6916 0 Td
(nm)Tj
1.5931 0 Td
(NDs)Tj
2.0523 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(labeled)Tj
3.0274 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0012 0 Td
(FITC)Tj
2.3584 0 Td
(\(Thermo)Tj
3.8211 0 Td
(Fisher)Tj
2.6986 0 Td
(Scientific,)Tj
4.1272 0 Td
(Waltham,)Tj
4.1725 0 Td
(MA\))Tj
-33.783 -1.2982 Td
(based)Tj
2.4717 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(manufacturer's)Tj
6.2645 0 Td
(recommendations)Tj
7.5004 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(similar)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(protocol)Tj
3.6 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(described)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
W* n
q
107.0929 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 447.8173 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Nanodiam)Tj
4.4716 0 Td
(onds)Tj
2.3528 0 Td
(kill)Tj
1.3536 0 Td
(intracel)Tj
3.1535 0 Td
(lular)Tj
/F8 1 Tf
2.0693 0 Td
(E)Tj
/F0 1 Tf
(.)Tj
/F8 1 Tf
1.1552 0 Td
(coli)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
81.5811 34.9228 m
237.8835 34.9228 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(ONE)Tj
2.3669 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
0.4748 0 Td
(https://doi.or)Tj
5.4142 0 Td
(g/10.137)Tj
3.8198 0 Td
(1/journal.po)Tj
5.1236 0 Td
(ne.01910)Tj
4.089 0 Td
(20)Tj
0 g
2.0906 0 Td
(January)Tj
3.7205 0 Td
(11,)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(2018)Tj
33.5979 0 Td
(4)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
91 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
92 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
93 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
94 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
95 0 obj
<>stream
BT
66.402 0 Td
(19)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
96 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 12 0 R/Annots 98 0 R/Contents 99 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
98 0 obj
[100 0 R 101 0 R 102 0 R]
endobj
100 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0191020.ref036)>>
endobj
101 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0191020.ref028)>>
endobj
102 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 103 0 R>>
endobj
103 0 obj
<>
endobj
99 0 obj
[104 0 R 105 0 R 106 0 R 107 0 R 108 0 R 109 0 R]
endobj
104 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
246.8976 706.337 m
256.422 706.337 l
h
f*
476.9008 337.7197 m
486.4252 337.7197 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 707.4141 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(previously)Tj
4.3483 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(36)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
(Briefly,)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(NDs)Tj
2.0523 0 Td
(suspended)Tj
4.439 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(borate)Tj
2.7609 0 Td
(buffer)Tj
2.6249 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(incubated)Tj
4.1782 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(FITC)Tj
2.3641 0 Td
(solution)Tj
-33.0744 -1.3039 Td
(prepared)Tj
3.804 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(DMSO)Tj
3.0727 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9525 0 Td
(room)Tj
2.4207 0 Td
(temperature)Tj
5.1307 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(1)Tj
0.6973 0 Td
(hour.)Tj
2.3811 0 Td
(Following)Tj
4.2179 0 Td
(incubation,)Tj
4.7736 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(suspension)Tj
-31.3396 -1.2982 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(centrifuged)Tj
4.7848 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(room)Tj
2.4265 0 Td
(temperature)Tj
5.1307 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(10)Tj
1.1735 0 Td
(minutes)Tj
3.4639 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(20,000)Tj
2.8233 0 Td
(g)Tj
0.686 0 Td
(until)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(there)Tj
2.262 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(no)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(detectable)Tj
-32.8193 -1.2983 Td
(free)Tj
1.7234 0 Td
(FITC.)Tj
2.5909 0 Td
(T24)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(bladder)Tj
3.2598 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9162 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(plated)Tj
2.6646 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2755 0 Td
(24-well)Tj
3.1238 0 Td
(plates)Tj
2.5001 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(18)Tj
1.1736 0 Td
(hours)Tj
2.5171 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(treated)Tj
2.9934 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0013 0 Td
(0,)Tj
0.9184 0 Td
(50,)Tj
-35.6766 -1.2983 Td
(100)Tj
1.644 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0999 0 Td
(200)Tj
/F17 1 Tf
1.6441 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
(g/mL)Tj
2.8799 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(FITC-labeled)Tj
5.5219 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(unlabeled)Tj
4.1046 0 Td
(6)Tj
0.6973 0 Td
(nm)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(acid)Tj
1.8708 0 Td
(treated)Tj
2.9991 0 Td
(NDs)Tj
2.0522 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(1)Tj
0.6974 0 Td
(hour)Tj
2.1543 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(37C.)Tj
-33.4032 -1.3039 Td
(Following)Tj
4.2179 0 Td
(treatment)Tj
4.1329 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0012 0 Td
(NDs,)Tj
2.2791 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(washed)Tj
3.1804 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(1X)Tj
1.3493 0 Td
(PBS)Tj
1.8312 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(room)Tj
2.4264 0 Td
(temperature)Tj
-29.8769 -1.2982 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(dislodged)Tj
4.0705 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.211 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(wells)Tj
2.177 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3925 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(non-enzymatic)Tj
6.2589 0 Td
(cell)Tj
1.559 0 Td
(dissociation)Tj
4.989 0 Td
(buffer)Tj
2.6248 0 Td
(\(Thermo)Tj
3.8211 0 Td
(Fisher)Tj
-33.9531 -1.2983 Td
(Scientific,)Tj
4.1272 0 Td
(Waltham,)Tj
4.1725 0 Td
(MA\).)Tj
2.3585 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9162 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1259 0 Td
(evaluated)Tj
3.9912 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2018 0 Td
(Accuri)Tj
2.9197 0 Td
(C6)Tj
1.355 0 Td
(flow)Tj
1.9502 0 Td
(cytometer.)Tj
4.4617 0 Td
(The)Tj
-34.7525 -1.3039 Td
(T24)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(analyzed)Tj
3.702 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(changes)Tj
3.4015 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(FITC)Tj
2.3584 0 Td
(fluorescence)Tj
5.1874 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1848 0 Td
(FlowJo)Tj
3.0218 0 Td
(\(FlowJo)Tj
3.3618 0 Td
(LLC,)Tj
2.1827 0 Td
(Ashland,)Tj
-32.6492 -1.2983 Td
(Oregon\).)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 559.6157 cm
BT
/F16 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Confocal)Tj
3.9827 0 Td
(microscopy)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 542.6078 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(T24)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(bladder)Tj
3.2598 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9162 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(plated)Tj
2.6645 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(coverslips)Tj
4.1556 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(12-well)Tj
3.1181 0 Td
(tissue)Tj
2.4604 0 Td
(culture)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(treated)Tj
2.9991 0 Td
(plates)Tj
2.5001 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(18)Tj
1.1736 0 Td
(hours)Tj
-35.1267 -1.2982 Td
(followed)Tj
3.651 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(treatment)Tj
4.1328 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0013 0 Td
(0,)Tj
0.9184 0 Td
(50,)Tj
1.4003 0 Td
(100)Tj
1.6441 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(200)Tj
/F17 1 Tf
1.6441 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
(g/mL)Tj
2.88 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(FITC-labeled)Tj
5.5219 0 Td
(6)Tj
0.6973 0 Td
(nm)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(acid)Tj
1.8708 0 Td
(treated)Tj
2.9991 0 Td
(NDs)Tj
2.0522 0 Td
(for)Tj
-36.2945 -1.3039 Td
(1)Tj
0.6916 0 Td
(hour)Tj
2.1543 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9525 0 Td
(37C.)Tj
2.4547 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(washed)Tj
3.1804 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(1X)Tj
1.3493 0 Td
(PBS)Tj
1.8368 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9525 0 Td
(room)Tj
2.4207 0 Td
(temperature,)Tj
5.3575 0 Td
(fixed)Tj
2.1883 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0013 0 Td
(4%)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(para-)Tj
-34.8092 -1.2983 Td
(formaldehyde)Tj
5.7713 0 Td
(made)Tj
2.4207 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(PBS)Tj
1.8368 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(permeabilized)Tj
5.862 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9955 0 Td
(0.1%)Tj
2.1544 0 Td
(Triton)Tj
2.8233 0 Td
(X-100.)Tj
2.8743 0 Td
(After)Tj
2.2847 0 Td
(washing)Tj
3.5092 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(1X)Tj
-36.2945 -1.2983 Td
(PBS,)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(T24)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(bladder)Tj
3.2542 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(stained)Tj
3.084 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(phalloidin)Tj
4.3087 0 Td
(labeled)Tj
3.0273 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0013 0 Td
(alexa)Tj
2.2223 0 Td
(fluor)Tj
2.16 0 Td
(660)Tj
1.6441 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(detect)Tj
-34.0778 -1.3039 Td
(actin)Tj
2.1883 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(DAPI)Tj
2.5341 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(detect)Tj
2.6192 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(nucleus.)Tj
3.5036 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(coverslips)Tj
4.1556 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(stained)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(mounted)Tj
3.8721 0 Td
(onto)Tj
-33.9985 -1.2982 Td
(slides)Tj
2.4037 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(observed)Tj
3.7984 0 Td
(under)Tj
2.6192 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(Leica)Tj
2.3074 0 Td
(TCS)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(SPE)Tj
1.8198 0 Td
(confocal)Tj
3.6 0 Td
(microscope)Tj
4.8415 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(40X)Tj
1.8199 0 Td
(objective.)Tj
4.0081 0 Td
(For)Tj
-34.6164 -1.2983 Td
(kinetic)Tj
2.9423 0 Td
(studies,)Tj
3.2145 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(treated)Tj
2.999 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(100)Tj
/F17 1 Tf
1.6441 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
(g/mL)Tj
2.88 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(NDs)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(30,)Tj
1.3946 0 Td
(60)Tj
1.1736 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(120)Tj
1.6441 0 Td
(minutes)Tj
3.4696 0 Td
(and)Tj
-34.4237 -1.3039 Td
(processed)Tj
4.1328 0 Td
(similarly)Tj
3.6907 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(described)Tj
4.0479 0 Td
(above.)Tj
2.7722 0 Td
(For)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(internalization)Tj
6.0945 0 Td
(studies)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(involving)Tj
3.9741 0 Td
(cytochalasin)Tj
5.1477 0 Td
(D,)Tj
-35.4895 -1.2983 Td
(T24)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(bladder)Tj
3.2598 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9162 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(pretreated)Tj
4.3086 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(10)Tj
/F17 1 Tf
1.1735 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
(M)Tj
1.6215 0 Td
(cytochalasin)Tj
5.142 0 Td
(D)Tj
0.9581 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(1)Tj
0.6973 0 Td
(hour)Tj
2.1543 0 Td
(following)Tj
3.9798 0 Td
(treatment)Tj
-32.4961 -1.2983 Td
(with)Tj
1.9955 0 Td
(NDs)Tj
2.0523 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(2)Tj
0.6973 0 Td
(hours.)Tj
2.7382 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(then)Tj
2.0182 0 Td
(processed)Tj
4.1386 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(described)Tj
4.0535 0 Td
(above)Tj
2.5455 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(observed)Tj
3.7927 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1849 0 Td
(con-)Tj
-35.172 -1.2982 Td
(focal)Tj
2.1146 0 Td
(microscopy.)Tj
5.1023 0 Td
(Z-stack)Tj
3.1805 0 Td
(analysis)Tj
3.3278 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(performed)Tj
4.4674 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(all)Tj
1.1452 0 Td
(cases)Tj
2.2224 0 Td
(where)Tj
2.6475 0 Td
(internalization)Tj
6.0945 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(NDs)Tj
2.0522 0 Td
(was)Tj
-36.1074 -1.3039 Td
(investigated.)Tj
5.2157 0 Td
(All)Tj
1.3946 0 Td
(images)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(processed)Tj
4.1329 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(Adobe)Tj
2.8686 0 Td
(Photoshop.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 355.8047 cm
BT
/F16 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Bacterial)Tj
3.9449 0 Td
(invasion)Tj
3.7417 0 Td
(assays)Tj
2.7638 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0772 0 Td
(determine)Tj
4.4977 0 Td
(number)Tj
3.5291 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0678 0 Td
(intracellular)Tj
5.3811 0 Td
(bacteria)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 338.7968 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(A)Tj
0.9014 0 Td
(modified)Tj
3.8494 0 Td
(gentamicin)Tj
4.7168 0 Td
(protection)Tj
4.3823 0 Td
(assay)Tj
2.2621 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(performed)Tj
4.4673 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(described)Tj
4.0535 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(28)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(T24)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(bladder)Tj
3.2542 0 Td
(cells)Tj
-34.4634 -1.2982 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(plated)Tj
2.6702 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(tissue-culture)Tj
5.6239 0 Td
(treated)Tj
2.999 0 Td
(24-well)Tj
3.1238 0 Td
(plates)Tj
2.5001 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(18)Tj
1.1735 0 Td
(hours.)Tj
2.7383 0 Td
(Cells)Tj
2.16 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(infected)Tj
3.4242 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(Dr)Tj
-35.3081 -1.3039 Td
(fimbriae)Tj
3.5943 0 Td
(bearing)Tj
/F15 1 Tf
3.2371 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
(.)Tj
/F15 1 Tf
0.9978 0 Td
[()7()10()12()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
1.559 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9525 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(MOI)Tj
2.1996 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(25:1.)Tj
2.0976 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(plates)Tj
2.5001 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(centrifuged)Tj
4.7849 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(500)Tj
/F17 1 Tf
1.6498 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
0.788 0 Td
(g)Tj
0.686 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(Beck-)Tj
-35.1607 -1.2983 Td
(man)Tj
2.0182 0 Td
(Allegra)Tj
3.0954 0 Td
(6R)Tj
1.3153 0 Td
(centrifuge.)Tj
4.4844 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(allowed)Tj
3.2882 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(incubate)Tj
3.651 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(bacteria)Tj
3.3789 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3889 0 Td
(1)Tj
0.6917 0 Td
(hour)Tj
2.1543 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(37C.)Tj
-35.2627 -1.2983 Td
(Gentamicin)Tj
4.9662 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(added)Tj
2.6646 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(concentration)Tj
5.8166 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(100)Tj
/F17 1 Tf
1.6498 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
(g/mL)Tj
2.88 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(1)Tj
0.6973 0 Td
(hour)Tj
2.1543 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(37C)Tj
2.228 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(kill)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(extracellular)Tj
-32.207 -1.2982 Td
(bacteria.)Tj
3.5999 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(infected)Tj
3.4186 0 Td
(T24)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(bladder)Tj
3.2542 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9218 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1204 0 Td
(washed)Tj
3.1804 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(treated)Tj
2.9991 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9955 0 Td
(0,)Tj
0.9185 0 Td
(50,)Tj
1.4003 0 Td
(100)Tj
1.6441 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(200)Tj
/F17 1 Tf
1.6441 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
(g/mL)Tj
-34.4974 -1.3039 Td
(of)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(6)Tj
0.6917 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(25)Tj
1.1736 0 Td
(nm)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(acid)Tj
1.8708 0 Td
(treated)Tj
2.999 0 Td
(NDs)Tj
2.0523 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(presence)Tj
3.7134 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(10)Tj
/F17 1 Tf
1.1679 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
(g/mL)Tj
2.8799 0 Td
(gentamicin)Tj
4.7169 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3889 0 Td
(24)Tj
1.1679 0 Td
(hours)Tj
2.5171 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9525 0 Td
(37C.)Tj
-34.5144 -1.2983 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(lysed)Tj
2.2337 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0012 0 Td
(1%)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(Triton)Tj
2.8233 0 Td
(X-100)Tj
2.6476 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(PBS)Tj
1.8369 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(cell)Tj
1.5591 0 Td
(extracts)Tj
3.2938 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(plated)Tj
2.6702 0 Td
(onto)Tj
2.0806 0 Td
(sterile)Tj
-33.3068 -1.2983 Td
(Luria)Tj
2.3584 0 Td
(agar)Tj
1.9218 0 Td
(plates)Tj
2.5002 0 Td
(followed)Tj
3.651 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(incubation)Tj
4.5524 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(37C)Tj
2.2281 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3832 0 Td
(18)Tj
1.1736 0 Td
(hours.)Tj
2.7382 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(bacterial)Tj
3.6283 0 Td
(CFUs)Tj
2.5058 0 Td
(were)Tj
-32.5528 -1.3039 Td
(counted)Tj
3.4752 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(following)Tj
3.9798 0 Td
(day)Tj
1.6385 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7744 0 Td
(represented)Tj
/F15 1 Tf
4.9096 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
(.)Tj
/F15 1 Tf
0.9978 0 Td
[()7()10()12()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
1.559 0 Td
(internalized)Tj
4.989 0 Td
(into)Tj
1.8425 0 Td
(T24)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(bladder)Tj
3.2599 0 Td
(cells.)Tj
2.1429 0 Td
(The)Tj
-35.0926 -1.2983 Td
(CFU/mL)Tj
3.8324 0 Td
(obtained)Tj
3.736 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(infected)Tj
3.4242 0 Td
(T24)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(bladder)Tj
3.2598 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9162 0 Td
(treated)Tj
2.9991 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9955 0 Td
(0)Tj
/F17 1 Tf
0.6974 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
(g/mL)Tj
2.8799 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(NDs)Tj
2.0523 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(designated)Tj
-32.3204 -1.2982 Td
(100%)Tj
2.4037 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(internalized)Tj
4.989 0 Td
(bacteria)Tj
3.3788 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(CFU/mL)Tj
3.8381 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(all)Tj
1.1452 0 Td
(other)Tj
2.347 0 Td
(samples)Tj
3.3846 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(calculated)Tj
4.2066 0 Td
(relative)Tj
3.1351 0 Td
(to)Tj
-36.1755 -1.3039 Td
(this)Tj
1.6724 0 Td
(value)Tj
2.3074 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(plotted)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(GraphPad)Tj
4.303 0 Td
(Prism.)Tj
2.8233 0 Td
(For)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(experiments)Tj
5.1363 0 Td
(involving)Tj
3.9798 0 Td
(cytochalasin)Tj
5.1477 0 Td
(D,)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(the)Tj
-35.3364 -1.2983 Td
(infected)Tj
3.4185 0 Td
(T24)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(bladder)Tj
3.2598 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(treated)Tj
2.999 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(0,)Tj
0.9241 0 Td
(1,)Tj
0.9184 0 Td
(5,)Tj
0.9184 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(10)Tj
/F17 1 Tf
1.1736 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
(M)Tj
1.6157 0 Td
(cytochalasin)Tj
5.1477 0 Td
(D)Tj
0.9581 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(1)Tj
0.6973 0 Td
(hour)Tj
2.1543 0 Td
(before)Tj
-34.486 -1.2983 Td
(adding)Tj
2.9876 0 Td
(NDs.)Tj
2.2791 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(rest)Tj
1.6724 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(procedure)Tj
4.3143 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7007 0 Td
(performed)Tj
4.4674 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(described)Tj
4.0535 0 Td
(above.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 125.9716 cm
BT
/F16 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Statistical)Tj
4.3228 0 Td
(analyses)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 109.0204 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(Data)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1259 0 Td
(analyzed)Tj
3.702 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(one-way)Tj
3.6227 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(two-way)Tj
3.6283 0 Td
(analysis)Tj
3.3279 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(variance)Tj
3.5773 0 Td
(\(ANOVA\))Tj
4.4447 0 Td
(followed)Tj
3.651 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(the)Tj
-35.8807 -1.3039 Td
(appropriate)Tj
4.8755 0 Td
(post-hoc)Tj
3.7134 0 Td
(tests)Tj
1.9615 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(GraphPad)Tj
4.3086 0 Td
(Prism)Tj
2.5966 0 Td
(v7.)Tj
/F15 1 Tf
1.3776 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
(-value)Tj
/F18 1 Tf
0 Tc
3.2031 0 Td
(<)Tj
/F10 1 Tf
-0.004 Tc
0.9921 0 Td
(0.05)Tj
1.8766 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(considered)Tj
4.6034 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(sta-)Tj
-35.3761 -1.2982 Td
(tistically)Tj
3.5149 0 Td
(significant.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
W* n
q
107.0929 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 447.8173 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Nanodiam)Tj
4.4716 0 Td
(onds)Tj
2.3528 0 Td
(kill)Tj
1.3536 0 Td
(intracel)Tj
3.1535 0 Td
(lular)Tj
/F8 1 Tf
2.0693 0 Td
(E)Tj
/F0 1 Tf
(.)Tj
/F8 1 Tf
1.1552 0 Td
(coli)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
81.5811 34.9228 m
237.8835 34.9228 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(ONE)Tj
2.3669 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
0.4748 0 Td
(https://doi.or)Tj
5.4142 0 Td
(g/10.137)Tj
3.8198 0 Td
(1/journal.po)Tj
5.1236 0 Td
(ne.01910)Tj
4.089 0 Td
(20)Tj
0 g
2.0906 0 Td
(January)Tj
3.7205 0 Td
(11,)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(2018)Tj
33.5979 0 Td
(5)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
105 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
106 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
107 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
108 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
109 0 obj
<>stream
BT
66.402 0 Td
(19)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
110 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 12 0 R/Annots 112 0 R/Contents 113 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
111 0 obj
<>stream
xڅمPs^sĀYbV^欘U 3`@
b=Pywvw3VWWW]]U} o&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`믿,FLbp @-p\}I000$[Iྖ |4`o͛/vU7o~5Ah1000$`ǥ.\ןK?h%rLLL 'S^:4SNMw}wLLL dpŗ2z)V6? ։Ġ&`&`YG^cq7(h
Qnも^x%
93l&`&`C@J[nzM6ߨn^
Kkg:S[\R00Z'j.Nuڈ#9&`&`&`&P
d.*.#2mQB "iٰAsoQwfp)*>d&`&`&s:u)p.5lܨfsiADLLLN@ A`yM~e~._j&`&`U' ma76X>?s~c.^_) @z hs=\(Do@yCF|7oNLLL J@knܐyy˵k̙[_ƍ'ߓfx3000"PQ 6]yuvZv} a(00dj1DWw
7%K=c
!lno|7700M
5}5h<ⰣAqNnLLf_cԐW.kq~yi2P~f櫘 @9 .t$~#۟+2)wDAݦBZHq£dÛZw @.fc9l:un/K/ҋ$)dl!Vn/ (LLL hX 52\џ/XqexƎ/? @V`y#N/eʤL6(htۭwpR`Ǜ .rJ)Zh]^:4n) @UMcj?
C,G;ʂbKb7&)%S6H!BUsMLLLJc,
Baɒ%yх2iؠKs pȖ>LL$O=L&0âyڬ+o
ktݼu6n'Î7000E O|ǝ;W?//f[}SZ @Gӱ{̉6iڸO=[f1vA^^upͺ˄&`&`&`5@dlo5#">;{y.F
._LL H7;w*ͯOFX꾋@ в}^,&*DQ\100a .\cHh7&p|900%c~fvJ9_/f}_>6x-UjKt. @f2gkuݠU](d]vLL ;G~w{tlG}1.F^^o?]FץoVʅ|LLL*J@袜$q6/fϯ\|^١~^D1&`&`&P,TiӦ7(h:hmؘۧ2_rV
hȔ}0Ҵbq @r|HD%oKoMO[wC\]5߬^J£pM#x @PY2 gn.c9 w 0A_ƌ6|%7
%[K; KD#>Lh1(6psB
&뭳t䦲s}LLL<U~5ؠ^MZls92S(tW[oDW]\'-oCV/+/Jԉ2Sv000
d뭳vkg~Z=0)W/9Lk>;︱ayLU)500a-7.D iySE[o}HS,$mzRx-_}u
,AĦ &`&`&4Jkׯh嗫aCASOt.+ο0N\|idΛ dIW]u{1߁dpKϪq&p C>)h/"d=t}qR.>j&`&`&`63tkmi?rpH {Έp&MćLLLLLLLbO75jԿ/QFצ>jԥ$Ho>%Ō=[LL*G [37E/gL)ȲB'.K9zt9a: @-&`&`&`&`&`&`&p؟WI?pbWYZ+m0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000$700(_Ue&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`&`U!pW_~Wx300w+?cz?*}5000eLviu @z1gzLj9vXB^|ŗ D0RM:uԨQ4;w袋߂~/iQ/R>FN4<qmVnI @~Һkjv9702 DxLL J@%Mm-'NYD-%rL0q/tIqСp / xo2dHq^5G[