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François Dion, Christopher Dumayne, Nathalie Henley, Stéphanie Beauchemin, Edward B. Arias, François A. Leblond, Sylvie Lesage, Stéphane Lefrançois, Gregory D. Cartee, Vincent Pichette
Mechanism of insulin resistance in a rat model of kidney disease and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes
www.plosone.org
www.plosone.org
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(later,)Tj
2.2167 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6577 0 Td
(right)Tj
2.1486 0 Td
(total)Tj
2.0013 0 Td
(nephrectomy.)Tj
5.7599 0 Td
(CTL)Tj
2.0353 0 Td
(rats)Tj
1.6837 0 Td
(underwent)Tj
4.5751 0 Td
(two)Tj
1.7065 0 Td
(sham)Tj
2.3641 0 Td
(laparotomies.)Tj
5.6295 0 Td
(The)Tj
-33.4712 -1.2982 Td
(amount)Tj
3.3561 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(chow)Tj
2.3585 0 Td
(fed)Tj
1.4626 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(control)Tj
3.1181 0 Td
(pair-fed)Tj
3.4015 0 Td
(rats)Tj
1.6838 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7007 0 Td
(adjusted)Tj
3.5773 0 Td
(daily,)Tj
2.3698 0 Td
(based)Tj
2.4775 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2755 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(amount)Tj
3.3562 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(chow)Tj
-34.6618 -1.3039 Td
(that)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4626 0 Td
(CKD)Tj
2.2904 0 Td
(rats)Tj
1.6781 0 Td
(ate)Tj
1.3663 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4627 0 Td
(day)Tj
1.6327 0 Td
(before.)Tj
2.9594 0 Td
(After)Tj
2.279 0 Td
(Day)Tj
1.8368 0 Td
(21,)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(rats)Tj
1.6781 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1146 0 Td
(monitored)Tj
4.4844 0 Td
(once)Tj
2.1147 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6462 0 Td
(week)Tj
2.2451 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3776 0 Td
(glycos-)Tj
-34.7865 -1.2983 Td
(uria.)Tj
2.0466 0 Td
(At)Tj
1.2018 0 Td
(Day)Tj
1.8425 0 Td
(41,)Tj
1.3947 0 Td
(rats)Tj
1.6894 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(housed)Tj
3.0954 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(metabolic)Tj
4.1442 0 Td
(cages)Tj
2.3244 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(urine)Tj
2.3584 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(collected)Tj
3.7417 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(24)Tj
1.1736 0 Td
(hours)Tj
2.5115 0 Td
(to)Tj
-35.4952 -1.2983 Td
(determine)Tj
4.3199 0 Td
(creatinine)Tj
4.2293 0 Td
(clearance.)Tj
4.1726 0 Td
(Rats)Tj
1.9332 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1259 0 Td
(sacrificed)Tj
4.0025 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9525 0 Td
(Day)Tj
1.8482 0 Td
(42)Tj
1.1678 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(organ)Tj
2.5455 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(blood)Tj
2.5172 0 Td
(collection,)Tj
-32.9327 -1.3039 Td
(unless)Tj
2.6872 0 Td
(stated)Tj
2.5625 0 Td
(otherwise.)Tj
4.3086 0 Td
(Liver,)Tj
2.5002 0 Td
(kidneys,)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
3.5262 0 Td
[()17()4()7(\r)2()7()]TJ
2.6249 0 Td
[()31(\r)2()6()11()-9()-4()]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
3.3279 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(epididymal)Tj
4.7055 0 Td
(white)Tj
2.4207 0 Td
(adipose)Tj
3.2599 0 Td
(tissue)Tj
-33.6527 -1.2983 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(immediately)Tj
5.2043 0 Td
(excised,)Tj
3.3336 0 Td
(rinsed)Tj
2.7212 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(phosphate)Tj
4.3313 0 Td
(buffered)Tj
3.5773 0 Td
(saline)Tj
2.5001 0 Td
(\(PBS\))Tj
2.5115 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(flash-frozen)Tj
4.9776 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(liquid)Tj
-35.087 -1.2982 Td
(nitrogen.)Tj
3.8607 0 Td
(Blood)Tj
2.5795 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6895 0 Td
(collected)Tj
3.7303 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3777 0 Td
(further)Tj
3.016 0 Td
(biochemical)Tj
5.057 0 Td
(characterization.)Tj
6.8768 0 Td
(Rats)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0522 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3777 0 Td
(glycosuria)Tj
-33.5393 -1.3039 Td
(assessment)Tj
4.6091 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1259 0 Td
(kept)Tj
1.9559 0 Td
(alive)Tj
2.041 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3889 0 Td
(up)Tj
1.2643 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(15)Tj
1.1679 0 Td
(weeks.)Tj
2.8346 0 Td
(All)Tj
1.4003 0 Td
(days)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(calculated)Tj
4.2009 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2054 0 Td
(1)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 501.4488 497.2535 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(st)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 508.5921 492.7748 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(nephrectomy.)Tj
-30.8577 -1.2982 Td
(Rats)Tj
1.9332 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(fasting)Tj
2.88 0 Td
(glycemia)Tj
3.753 0 Td
(over)Tj
1.9786 0 Td
(11mmol/L,)Tj
4.6545 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0012 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(presence)Tj
3.7133 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(glycosuria)Tj
4.2746 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(defined)Tj
3.2258 0 Td
(below,)Tj
-34.5653 -1.2983 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(defined)Tj
3.2258 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(T2D.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 438.1795 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Biochemical)Tj
5.5417 0 Td
(parameters)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 421.2283 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(Serum)Tj
2.8346 0 Td
(creatinine,)Tj
4.4503 0 Td
(urea,)Tj
2.2054 0 Td
(fructosamine)Tj
5.4878 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(urinary)Tj
3.1975 0 Td
(creatinine)Tj
4.2236 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(analyzed)Tj
3.702 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(ARCHI-)Tj
-32.4338 -1.3039 Td
(TECT)Tj
2.6758 0 Td
(c16000)Tj
3.0218 0 Td
(Clinical)Tj
3.3165 0 Td
(Chemistry)Tj
4.405 0 Td
(Analyzer)Tj
3.7927 0 Td
(\(Abbott)Tj
3.3619 0 Td
(Diagnostics,)Tj
5.1136 0 Td
(Lake)Tj
2.1147 0 Td
(Forest,)Tj
2.931 0 Td
(IL,)Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(USA\).)Tj
-32.0596 -1.2982 Td
(Glycemia)Tj
4.0024 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(measured)Tj
4.1046 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(AlphaTRAK)Tj
5.2214 0 Td
(blood)Tj
2.5114 0 Td
(glucose)Tj
3.1748 0 Td
(monitoring)Tj
4.8189 0 Td
(system)Tj
2.9423 0 Td
(\(Abbott)Tj
3.3619 0 Td
(Lab-)Tj
-35.4328 -1.2983 Td
(oratories,)Tj
3.9854 0 Td
(North)Tj
2.6589 0 Td
(Chicago,)Tj
3.7361 0 Td
(IL,)Tj
1.3209 0 Td
(USA\).)Tj
2.6816 0 Td
(Serum)Tj
2.8402 0 Td
(insulin)Tj
2.9821 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(assayed)Tj
3.2144 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1849 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(Rat)Tj
1.576 0 Td
(ultrasensitive)Tj
5.4992 0 Td
(ELISA)Tj
-34.0325 -1.3039 Td
(kit)Tj
1.2812 0 Td
(\(ALPCO,)Tj
3.9741 0 Td
(Salem,)Tj
2.846 0 Td
(NH,)Tj
1.9502 0 Td
(USA\).)Tj
2.6816 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(presence)Tj
3.7134 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(glycosuria)Tj
4.2803 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(defined)Tj
3.2258 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1849 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(positive)Tj
3.3166 0 Td
(Diastix)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
[()]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
-33.596 -1.2983 Td
(\(Bayer)Tj
2.8232 0 Td
(Corp.)Tj
2.5059 0 Td
(Diagnostics,)Tj
5.1136 0 Td
(Tarrytown,)Tj
4.7225 0 Td
(NY,)Tj
1.8142 0 Td
(USA\))Tj
2.4548 0 Td
(test)Tj
1.6044 0 Td
(\()Tj
/F14 1 Tf
0 Tc
(>)Tj
/F8 1 Tf
-0.004 Tc
(14mmol/L\))Tj
5.8846 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(two)Tj
1.7065 0 Td
(consecutive)Tj
-29.9053 -1.2982 Td
(mornings.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 314.5889 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Intraperitoneal)Tj
6.5291 0 Td
(glucose)Tj
3.619 0 Td
(tolerance)Tj
4.2803 0 Td
(test)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 297.5811 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(An)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(intraperitoneal)Tj
6.1738 0 Td
(glucose)Tj
3.1748 0 Td
(tolerance)Tj
3.8948 0 Td
(test)Tj
1.6044 0 Td
(\(IPGTT\))Tj
3.736 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(performed)Tj
4.4673 0 Td
(4)Tj
0.6974 0 Td
(weeks)Tj
2.6078 0 Td
(after)Tj
2.0353 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(first)Tj
-33.012 -1.2982 Td
(nephrectomy)Tj
5.5331 0 Td
(\(Day)Tj
2.1884 0 Td
(28\).)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(After)Tj
2.2847 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(overnight)Tj
4.0818 0 Td
(fast,)Tj
1.8312 0 Td
(rats)Tj
1.6838 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(injected)Tj
3.3902 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2018 0 Td
(intraperitoneal)Tj
6.1795 0 Td
(bolus)Tj
-35.4271 -1.2983 Td
(of)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(D-glucose)Tj
4.2577 0 Td
(\(BDH,)Tj
2.8686 0 Td
(Westchester,)Tj
5.3234 0 Td
(PA\))Tj
1.8029 0 Td
(\(2g/kg)Tj
2.7949 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(body)Tj
2.2167 0 Td
(weight)Tj
2.8856 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(SD)Tj
1.4343 0 Td
(rats)Tj
1.6838 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(25)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.7348 0 Td
(26)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.5137 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(1.5g/kg)Tj
-33.6583 -1.3039 Td
(for)Tj
1.3832 0 Td
(Zucker)Tj
3.0671 0 Td
(rats)Tj
1.6838 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(26)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.7348 0 Td
(27)Tj
0 g
(]\).)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
(Blood)Tj
2.5909 0 Td
(samples)Tj
3.3845 0 Td
(\(200)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
[()]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
(l\))Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(collected)Tj
3.7417 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2054 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(saphenous)Tj
4.4277 0 Td
(vein)Tj
1.9162 0 Td
(imme-)Tj
-34.8772 -1.2983 Td
(diately)Tj
2.8686 0 Td
(before)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(15,)Tj
1.3947 0 Td
(30,)Tj
1.4003 0 Td
(60,)Tj
1.3946 0 Td
(90,)Tj
1.3947 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(120)Tj
1.6497 0 Td
(minutes)Tj
3.4639 0 Td
(after)Tj
2.0353 0 Td
(glucose)Tj
3.1748 0 Td
(administration.)Tj
6.3949 0 Td
(Great)Tj
2.4661 0 Td
(care)Tj
1.8709 0 Td
(was)Tj
-35.7106 -1.2982 Td
(taken)Tj
2.4207 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(minimize)Tj
4.0421 0 Td
(stress)Tj
2.3981 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(animals)Tj
3.3279 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.9253 0 Td
(blood)Tj
2.5171 0 Td
(retrieval.)Tj
3.7361 0 Td
(Glycemia)Tj
4.0025 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(measured)Tj
4.1102 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3867 0 Td
(an)Tj
-35.6312 -1.2983 Td
(AlphaTRAK)Tj
5.2213 0 Td
(blood)Tj
2.5115 0 Td
(glucose)Tj
3.1748 0 Td
(monitoring)Tj
4.8189 0 Td
(system.)Tj
3.1634 0 Td
(Serum)Tj
2.8403 0 Td
(insulin)Tj
2.982 0 Td
(levels)Tj
2.3755 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1259 0 Td
(determined)Tj
4.8472 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9525 0 Td
(each)Tj
-35.0133 -1.3039 Td
(time)Tj
2.0295 0 Td
(point)Tj
2.3585 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(described)Tj
4.0478 0 Td
(above,)Tj
2.7723 0 Td
(according)Tj
4.1895 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(manufacturer's)Tj
6.2645 0 Td
(protocol.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 178.0157 cm
BT
/F15 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Ex)Tj
1.3795 0 Td
(vivo)Tj
/F0 1 Tf
1.9748 0 Td
(glucose)Tj
3.6189 0 Td
(uptake)Tj
3.189 0 Td
(in)Tj
0.9827 0 Td
(muscles)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 161.0078 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(glucose)Tj
3.1748 0 Td
(uptake)Tj
2.9196 0 Td
(capacity)Tj
3.4696 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(two)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(skeletal)Tj
3.1465 0 Td
(muscles,)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
3.6113 0 Td
[()-3()10()4(\r)2()-4()]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
2.5001 0 Td
(\(predominantly)Tj
6.5197 0 Td
(slow-twitch)Tj
4.8699 0 Td
(mus-)Tj
-34.7185 -1.2982 Td
(cle,)Tj
1.5363 0 Td
(myosin)Tj
3.1805 0 Td
(heavy)Tj
2.5115 0 Td
(chain)Tj
2.4207 0 Td
(isoform)Tj
3.3449 0 Td
(\(MHC\))Tj
3.2201 0 Td
(Type)Tj
2.228 0 Td
(I\))Tj
0.9015 0 Td
(and)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
1.7291 0 Td
[(\r)2()11()14()7()20()4()13()10()4(\r)7()16()-9()-4()]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
5.4311 0 Td
(\(predominantly)Tj
6.5197 0 Td
(fast-twitch)Tj
-33.0234 -1.3039 Td
(muscle,)Tj
3.2484 0 Td
(MHC)Tj
2.5399 0 Td
(Type)Tj
2.228 0 Td
(IIb\))Tj
1.7461 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(28)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8539 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(determined)Tj
4.8528 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(previously)Tj
4.3483 0 Td
(published)Tj
4.1273 0 Td
(method)Tj
3.3222 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(29)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
-33.4316 -1.2983 Td
(Briefly,)Tj
3.0727 0 Td
(after)Tj
2.0352 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6577 0 Td
(4)Tj
0.6916 0 Td
(hours)Tj
2.5172 0 Td
(fast,)Tj
1.8255 0 Td
(rats)Tj
1.6838 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1259 0 Td
(anesthetized)Tj
5.1647 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(intraperitoneal)Tj
6.1795 0 Td
(injection)Tj
3.7587 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(sodium)Tj
-33.9248 -1.2983 Td
(pentobarbital)Tj
5.5785 0 Td
(\(60)Tj
1.5137 0 Td
(mg/kg\).)Tj
3.3562 0 Td
(After)Tj
2.2904 0 Td
(1015)Tj
2.6362 0 Td
(minutes,)Tj
3.6907 0 Td
(the)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
1.474 0 Td
[(\r)2()11()14()7()20()4()13()10()4(\r)7()16()-9()-4()]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
5.4254 0 Td
(and)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
1.7292 0 Td
[()-3()10()4(\r)2()-4()]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
2.5001 0 Td
(muscles)Tj
3.3846 0 Td
(were)Tj
-33.579 -1.3039 Td
(carefully)Tj
3.6339 0 Td
(removed)Tj
3.7474 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(rapidly)Tj
3.0388 0 Td
(rinsed)Tj
2.7212 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(PBS.)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
2.0636 0 Td
[()-6()10()4(\r)2()-4()]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
2.6249 0 Td
(muscles)Tj
3.3845 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(delicately)Tj
3.9628 0 Td
(cut)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(into)Tj
1.8369 0 Td
(two)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
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(the)Tj
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q
1 j
1 J
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11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 336.9826 cm
BT
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1 TL
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q
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4.0025 0 Td
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(state.)Tj
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(fructosamine)Tj
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(levels)Tj
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0 Tc
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(a)Tj
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(direct)Tj
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(correlation)Tj
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3.5262 0 Td
(serum)Tj
2.7269 0 Td
(fructosamine)Tj
5.4879 0 Td
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(\(r_spearman)Tj
5.3348 0 Td
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0.7993 0 Td
(0.87,)Tj
2.0977 0 Td
(p)Tj
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0 Tc
(<)Tj
/F8 1 Tf
-0.004 Tc
(0.0001\))Tj
4.456 0 Td
(was)Tj
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(observed)Tj
3.7927 0 Td
(\()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(Fig)Tj
1.8198 0 Td
(1A)Tj
0 g
(\).)Tj
1.9446 0 Td
(No)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(significant)Tj
4.388 0 Td
(changes)Tj
3.4016 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(insulinemia)Tj
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(were)Tj
2.126 0 Td
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Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 209.4803 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
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6.5291 0 Td
(glucose)Tj
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(tolerance)Tj
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(test)Tj
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Q
q
1 j
1 J
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BT
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(A)Tj
0.9014 0 Td
(glucose)Tj
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(\(GTT\))Tj
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(performed)Tj
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(SD)Tj
1.4286 0 Td
(rats)Tj
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(at)Tj
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(4)Tj
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(weeks)Tj
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(post)Tj
1.9049 0 Td
(nephrectomy)Tj
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(\(Day)Tj
2.1883 0 Td
(28\))Tj
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(resulted)Tj
3.3958 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(impaired)Tj
3.8494 0 Td
(carbohydrate)Tj
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(metabolism)Tj
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(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(nephrectomised)Tj
6.6557 0 Td
(cohort,)Tj
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(as)Tj
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(glycemic)Tj
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(levels)Tj
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(at)Tj
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(time-point)Tj
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(studied,)Tj
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(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(comparison)Tj
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(to)Tj
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(control)Tj
3.1238 0 Td
(rats)Tj
1.6838 0 Td
(\()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(Fig)Tj
1.8198 0 Td
(2A)Tj
0 g
(\).)Tj
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(Glu-)Tj
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(cose-stimulated)Tj
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(insulin)Tj
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(secretion)Tj
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(\(GSIS\))Tj
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(was)Tj
1.7007 0 Td
(also)Tj
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(impaired)Tj
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(in)Tj
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(nephrectomised)Tj
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(rats,)Tj
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(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(demon-)Tj
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(strated)Tj
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(by)Tj
1.1848 0 Td
(a)Tj
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(30%)Tj
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(greater)Tj
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(insulin)Tj
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(AUC)Tj
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(over)Tj
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(a)Tj
0.6577 0 Td
(2)Tj
0.6916 0 Td
(hours)Tj
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(period,)Tj
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(compared)Tj
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(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(control)Tj
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(rats)Tj
1.6837 0 Td
(\()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(Fig)Tj
1.8199 0 Td
(2B)Tj
0 g
(\).)Tj
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Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 112.9889 cm
BT
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1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(mRNA)Tj
3.1417 0 Td
(expression)Tj
4.9937 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0441 0 Td
(SGLT)Tj
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(and)Tj
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(GLUT)Tj
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(glucose)Tj
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(transporters)Tj
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(in)Tj
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(SD)Tj
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(rats)Tj
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Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
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BT
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1 TL
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(Analysis)Tj
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(of)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(mRNA)Tj
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(encoding)Tj
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(glucose)Tj
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(involved)Tj
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(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(carbohydrate)Tj
5.4992 0 Td
(homeostasis)Tj
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(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(key)Tj
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(organs)Tj
2.9083 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(presented)Tj
4.1159 0 Td
(in)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.0375 0 Td
(Fig)Tj
1.4796 0 Td
(3)Tj
0 g
(.)Tj
0.9184 0 Td
(There)Tj
2.5796 0 Td
(was)Tj
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(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(significant)Tj
4.388 0 Td
(decrease)Tj
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(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(expression)Tj
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(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(GLUT1)Tj
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q
0.45 0.36 0.35 0.01 k
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1 J
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36 706.7713 m
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f*
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f*
123.4363 693.7713 m
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123.4363 694.2713 l
f*
222.4443 706.2712 m
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221.9443 693.7713 l
221.9443 706.2712 l
f*
221.9443 693.7713 m
123.9364 693.7713 l
123.9364 694.2713 l
221.9443 694.2713 l
f*
392.4048 706.2712 m
392.4048 693.7713 l
391.9048 693.7713 l
391.9048 706.2712 l
f*
391.9048 693.7713 m
222.4443 693.7713 l
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391.9048 694.2713 l
f*
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392.4048 694.2713 l
576 694.2713 l
f*
123.9364 693.7713 m
123.9364 681.2714 l
123.4363 681.2714 l
123.4363 693.7713 l
f*
123.4363 681.2714 m
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123.4363 681.7714 l
f*
222.4443 693.7713 m
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221.9443 681.2714 l
221.9443 693.7713 l
f*
221.9443 681.2714 m
123.9364 681.2714 l
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221.9443 681.7714 l
f*
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391.9048 681.2714 l
391.9048 693.7713 l
f*
391.9048 681.2714 m
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391.9048 681.7714 l
f*
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f*
123.9364 681.2714 m
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f*
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f*
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392.4048 681.2714 m
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221.9443 656.2715 m
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392.4048 668.7714 m
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391.9048 656.2715 m
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f*
123.9364 656.2715 m
123.9364 643.7716 l
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f*
123.4363 643.7716 m
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222.4443 656.2715 m
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f*
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391.9048 656.2715 l
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391.9048 643.7716 m
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123.9364 643.7716 m
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222.4443 643.7716 m
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221.9443 631.2716 m
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392.4048 643.7716 m
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391.9048 631.2716 l
391.9048 643.7716 l
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391.9048 631.2716 m
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123.9364 631.2716 m
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f*
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222.4443 606.2717 m
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391.9048 593.7718 m
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36 580.7055 m
186.7465 580.7055 l
h
f*
0 g
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BT
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1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Table)Tj
2.7992 0 Td
(1.)Tj
1.2614 0 Td
(TaqMan)Tj
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(gene)Tj
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(expression)Tj
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(assays)Tj
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(NCBI)Tj
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